Table 3.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of successfully genotyped non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) glucose-tolerant Danish individuals from the Inter99 study according to rs1209523 FOXA2 genotype
| rs1209523 | CC | CT | TT | β [95%CI] | p add |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (men/women) | 3,597(1,663/1,934) | 244(121/123) | 8(6/2) | ||
| Age (years)¥ | 45.1 ± 7.9 | 44.7 ± 7.2 | 45.7 ± 7.2 | ||
| BMI¥ | 24.1 ± 7.9 | 24.7 ± 2.8 | 25.8 ± 2.4 | 0.32 [-0.004; 0.65] | 0.05 |
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting¥ | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | -0.03 [-0.07; 0.02] | 0.3 |
| 30-min during an OGTT¥ | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 0.05 [-0.13; 0.22] | 0.6 |
| 120-min during an OGTT¥ | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | -0.01 [-0.15;0.12] | 0.8 |
| Incremental AUC¥ | 176 ± 102 | 182 ± 96 | 185 ± 73 | 5.64 [-6.64; 17.92] | 0.4 |
| Serum insulin (pmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting | 29 (21-41) | 32 (22-44) | 42 (30-50) | 6.5% [0.02; 13.0] | 0.2 |
| 30-min during an OGTT | 229 (168-321) | 244 (186-327) | 314 (232-425) | 9.2% [2.9; 15.6] | 0.01 |
| 120-min during an OGTT | 131 (83-194) | 135 (92-198) | 212 (120-240) | 10.9% [2.5; 19.4] | 0.03 |
| Incremental AUC | 16,880 (12,140-23,300) | 16,500 (13,240-23,430) | 18,360 (14,250-28,120) | 9.1% [2.4; 15.9] | 0.02 |
| Serum C-peptide (pmol/l) | |||||
| Fasting | 473 (381-592) | 495 (398-604) | 602 (564-726) | 4.7% [0.6; 8.8] | 0.09 |
| 30-min during an OGTT | 1,820 (1,440-2,280) | 1,920 (1,525-2,315) | 2,505 (1,685-2,738) | 5.2% [1.0; 9.4] | 0.05 |
| 120-min during an OGTT | 1,900 (1,450-2,400) | 1,950 (1,548-2,420) | 2,485 (1,975-2,968) | 5.8% [1.2; 10.4] | 0.03 |
| Incremental AUC | 144,200 (115,100-177,800) | 149,000 (122,000-182,000) | 176,500 (150,000-199,400) | 5.4% [1.3; 9.5] | 0.03 |
| Derived indices | |||||
| β-cell function | |||||
| Insulinogenic index | 24.7 (17.3-35.7) | 24.9 (18.5-36.9) | 34.3 (19.7-42.4) | 8.2% [1.2; 15.1] | 0.04 |
| BIGTT-AIR | 1,596 (1,311-1,973) | 1,665 (1,361-2,060) | 1,455 (1,238-2,500) | 5.7% [1.4; 10.0] | 0.01 |
| HOMA-B | 337 (240-399) | 367 (263-515) | 401 (310-488) | 6.7% [0.4; 13.1] | 0.04 |
| AUCinsulin/AUCglucose | 26.0 (19.6-34.9) | 27.0 (20.4-37.9) | 29.2 (23.2-40.8) | 7.7% [2.0; 13.5] | 0.01 |
| Insulin sensitivity | |||||
| HOMA-IR | 7.0 (4.9-9.8) | 7.5 (5.0-10.6) | 10.5 (7.8-11.8) | 5.9% [-0.8; 12.7] | 0.2 |
| BIGTT-Si¥ | 11.0 ± 3.3 | 10.6 ± 3.5 | 8.6 ± 3.3 | -0.53 [-0.95; 0.10] | 0.02 |
| ISIMatsuda | 27.4 (19.9-36.9) | 26.6 (18.1-35.7) | 19.2 (15.0-26.5) | -7.2% [-13.5; -1.1] | 0.02 |
| β-cell function corrected for insulin sensitivity | |||||
| Disposition index | 3.6 (2.4-5.3) | 3.9 (2.4-5.6) | 3.9 (3.0-4.2) | 2.5% [-5.4; 10.5] | 0.5 |
Data are unadjusted means ± SD¥ or medians (interquartile range). Values of serum insulin, serum c-peptide, and insulin-derived indices were logarithmically transformed prior to statistical analyses, and their effect sizes are presented as the increase/decrease in percent. Effect sizes (β) and p-values shown are for an additive genetic model and are adjusted for age and sex. CI, confidence interval; add, additive; AUC, area under the curve.