Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Patient characteristics | Early AVF dysfunction (n = 11) | Late AVF dysfunction (n = 23) | No AVF dysfunction (n = 34) | p | All patients (n = 68) |
| Mean age (years, ±SD) | 68±12 | 60±15 | 61±16 | 0.33 | 62±15 |
| Gender [n (%)] | 0.87 | ||||
| Male | 7 (63.6) | 15 (65.2) | 24 (70.6) | 46 (67.6) | |
| Female | 4 (36.4) | 8 (34.8) | 10 (29.4) | 22 (32.4) | |
| Smoker [n (%)] | 4 (36.4) | 13 (56.5) | 16 (47.1) | 0.53 | 33 (48.5) |
| Other diseases [n (%)] | |||||
| Heart failure | 7 (70.0) | 18 (81.8) | 28 (84.8) | 0.45 | 53 (81.5) |
| Diabetes | 2 (22.2) | 12 (54.5) | 8 (25.8) | 0.07 | 22 (35.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 (33.3) | 3 (13.6) | 8 (25.8) | 0.41 | 14 (22.6) |
| Hypertension | 7 (70.0) | 18 (81.8) | 28 (84.8) | 0.57 | 53 (81.5) |
| Medications [n (%)] | |||||
| Antithrombotic agents | 2 (20.0) | 8 (34.8) | 12 (40.0) | 0.52 | 22 (34.9) |
| Anticoagulative agents | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | 0.28 | 2 (3.2) |
| β blockers | 4 (40.0) | 18 (78.3) | 23 (74.2) | 0.07 | 45 (70.3) |
| Calcium antagonists | 4 (40.0) | 15 (65.2) | 24 (77.4) | 0.09 | 43 (67.2) |
| ACEI | 3 (30.0) | 11 (47.8) | 14 (45.2) | 0.62 | 28 (43.8) |
| Statins | 2 (22.2) | 9 (39.1) | 15 (48.4) | 0.36 | 26 (41.3) |
| Biochemical parameters | |||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L, ± SD) | 18.6±16.8 | 8.6±7.7 | 7.3±6.6 | 0.01 | 9.2±9.3 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/L, ± SD) | 0.24±0.08 | 0.19±0.07 | 0.21±0.06 | 0.24 | 0.21±0.07 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL, ± SD) | 52.1±18.5 | 50.8±18.0 | 56.7±17.6 | 0.54 | 54.2±17.7 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL, ± SD) | 108.6±48.1 | 104.5±53.1 | 99.5±45.7 | 0.89 | 102.4±47.7 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL, ± SD) | 158.4±75.8 | 152.4±97.1 | 148.6±82.4 | 0.96 | 151.1±85.2 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL, ± SD) | 5.2±1.9 | 4.6±1.4 | 5.1±1.9 | 0.74 | 5.1±1.8 |
| Albumin (g/dL, ± SD) | 3.2±1.1 | 3.6±0.6 | 4.0±0.4 | 0.003 | 3.8±0.7 |
| Albumin corrected calcium (mg/L, ± SD) | 8.7±0.6 | 8.2±0.7 | 8.6±0.4 | 0.09 | 8.5±0.6 |
| White blood cell count (109 cells/L, ± SD) | 9.3±2.3 | 7.2±1.9 | 7.1±1.7 | 0.01 | 7.4±2.0 |
| Neutrophils (109 cells/L, ± SD) | 6.2±2.6 | 4.8±1.6 | 4.6±1.2 | 0.06 | 4.9±1.6 |
| Lymphocytes (109 cells/L, ± SD) | 1.6±0.3 | 1.8±0.8 | 1.6±0.7 | 0.41 | 1.7±0.7 |
| Monocytes (109 cells/L, ± SD) | 0.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.3 | 0.22 | 0.7±0.3 |
| Hematocrit (%, ± SD) | 28.7±3.0 | 30.8±3.6 | 32.3±4.5 | 0.07 | 31.3±4.1 |
| Red blood cells (×1012/L, ± SD) | 3.2±0.3 | 3.5±0.4 | 3.7±0.6 | 0.048 | 3.5±0.5 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL, ± SD) | 9.7±1.0 | 10.4±1.4 | 10.9±1.5 | 0.08 | 10.6±1.5 |
| MCV (fL, ± SD) | 89.4±2.6 | 89.3±7.7 | 89.1±4.7 | 0.99 | 89.2±5.8 |
| MCH (pg, ± SD) | 30.1±1.4 | 30.2±3.1 | 30.4±2.0 | 0.93 | 30.3±2.4 |
| RDW (%, ± SD) | 16.9±2.4 | 15.6±2.3 | 14.8±1.7 | 0.03 | 15.4±2.1 |
| Platelets (×103/µL, ± SD) | 329±143 | 231±80 | 257±89 | 0.049 | 257±98 |
| Iron (µmol/L, ± SD) | 10.9±3.9 | 11.5±5.7 | 11.5±6.9 | 0.96 | 11.4±6.1 |
| Transferrin (g/L, ± SD) | 1.8±0.3 | 1.9±0.5 | 1.8±0.5 | 0.77 | 1.8±0.4 |
| Ferritin (µg/L, ± SD) | 170.4±104.7 | 189.3±202.6 | 235.7±314.5 | 0.69 | 209.4±254.1 |
Boldface indicates statistically significant values (p<0.05). ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; RDW, red blood cell distribution width.