Table 1. Pharmacodynamic peak drug effects.
| Placebo-placebo | Duloxetine-placebo | Placebo-MDMA | Duloxetine-MDMA | F 3,45 = | p< | |||
| Visual Analog Scales | ||||||||
| Any drug effect | Emax | 3.81±3.62 | 6.00±2.52### | 86.69±3.57*** | 33.19±7.74*** ### | 74.47 | 0.001 | |
| Good drug effect | Emax | 4.56±4.37 | 8.75±5.01### | 89.38±4.67*** | 40.56±9.50*** ### | 42.89 | 0.001 | |
| Drug liking | Emax | 4.13±4.06 | 7.56±4.43### | 90.69±4.82*** | 38.38±8.91*** ### | 52.60 | 0.001 | |
| Drug high | Emax | 1.94±1.94 | 4.81±2.93### | 87.81±4.85*** | 28.94±9.35** ### | 55.45 | 0.001 | |
| Stimulated | Emax | 4.13±1.94 | 5.13±2.45### | 76.31±6.84*** | 22.25±7.65### | 46.25 | 0.001 | |
| Open | Emax | 1.38±0.94 | 0.38±0.38### | 32.16±4.29*** | 6.00±3.26### | 36.88 | 0.001 | |
| Closeness | Emax | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00### | 27.31±3.87*** | 4.63±2.49### | 37.32 | 0.001 | |
| Talkative | Emax | 1.19±0.81 | 0.31±0.31### | 28.81±5.12*** | 10.69±3.73### | 21.13 | 0.001 | |
| Adjective Mood Rating Scale | ||||||||
| Well-being | Emax | 1.66±0.49 | 0.38±0.16### | 7.06±1.01*** | 3.56±1.08## | 18.0 | 0.001 | |
| Emotional excitation | Emax | 0.69±0.35 | 0.69±0.27### | 4.94±0.97*** | 1.31±0.37### | 14.7 | 0.001 | |
| Extroversion | Emax | 0.63±0.24 | 0.38±0.16### | 3.50±0.61*** | 1.44±0.43### | 17.5 | 0.001 | |
| Introversion | Emax | 0.38±1.56 | 1.13±0.30 | 2.62±0.65** | 1.69±0.59 | 5.4 | 0.01 | |
| Dreaminess | Emax | 0.63±0.33 | 1.35±0.35 | 2.94±0.66** | 1.81±0.48 | 4.1 | 0.05 | |
| Activity | Emin | −1,88±0.50 | −2.69±0.69 | −4.69±1.04* | −2.81±0.78 | 2.6 | 0.06 | |
| Circulating catecholamines | ||||||||
| Epinephrine (nM) | Emax | 0.42±0.12 | 0.46±0.10 | 0.50±0.12 | 0.26±0.10 | ns | ||
| Norepinephrine (nM) | Emax | −0.22±0.13 | −0.18±0.07### | 0.44±0.12*** | −0.19±0.10### | 14.7 | 0.001 | |
| Physiologic effect | ||||||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | Emax | 8.56±1.75 | 6.19±1.42### | 29.94±3.41*** | 10.94±1.58### | 24.6 | 0.001 | |
| DPB (mm Hg) | Emax | 6.25±1.25 | 6.00±0.97### | 22.13±2.08*** | 9.22±1.57### | 23.3 | 0.001 | |
| MAP (mm Hg) | Emax | 5.80±1.27 | 5.11±1.01### | 21.76±2.73*** | 8.54±1.46### | 20.3 | 0.001 | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | Emax | 9.19±1.29 | 5.06±1.27### | 26.06±2.77*** | 11.09±1.55### | 25.5 | 0.001 | |
| Body temperature (°C) | Emax | 0.23±0.04 | 0.19±0.04### | 0.54±0.07** | 0.39±0.08 | 7.3 | 0.001 | |
| List of Complaints (total score) | ||||||||
| Acute adverse effects | at 3 h | −0.06±0.52 | −1.81±1.09### | 5.56±1.72** | −1.25±1.49## | 29.5 | 0.001 | |
| Sub-acute adverse effects | at 24 h | −1.00±0.58 | −2.88±1.35## | 3.88±1.09* | −0.38±1.32# | 24.6 | 0.001 | |
| Ex vivo binding (IC50%) | ||||||||
| NET | >25 | 14.3±0.6*** ## | 23.4±0.7 | 13.7±0.7*** ### | 20.4 | 0.001 | ||
| SERT | >25 | 1.5±0.2 *** ### | >25 | 1.4±0.2 *** ### | 243.1 | 0.001 | ||
| DAT | >25 | >25 | >25 | >25 | ||||
Values are mean±SEM of changes from baseline of 16 subjects. *p<.05, **p<.01, and ***p<.001 vs. Placebo-placebo. #p<.05, ##p<.01, ###p<.001 vs. Placebo-MDMA. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure. IC50%, inhibition constant calculated as % of plasma sample dilution with undiluted plasma set as 100%; NET, norepinephrine transporter; SERT, SERT, serotonin transporter; DAT, dopamine transporter; ns, nonsignificant.