Spleen DCs, isolated from P. yoelii-infected WT, TLR2−/−, TLR4−/−, TLR9−/−, and MyD88−/− mice at 5, 10, and 17 days postinfection, were cultured in 96 well plates. After 24 h, TNF-α (A), IL-12 (B), IL-10 (C) and IL-4 (D) released into the culture media were analyzed by ELISA. Spleen DCs from naïve WT mice were analyzed as controls. Experiments were performed three times and each time ELISA was performed in duplicates. The results of a representative experiment are shown. Error bars represent mean values ± SD. The letters, a, b and c, denote the statistical significance between the levels of cytokines produced by DCs from the indicated gene knockout mice and those produced by DCs from the corresponding infected WT mice. a, p <0.001; b, p <0.01; c, p <0.05.