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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2012 Jan 27;30(12):2060–2067. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.015

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Granzyme B (GrzB) is released by CTL and NK cells to induce apoptosis of virus-infected cells and requires perforin for internalization into cells. Once inside the cell, GrzB induces apoptosis and this is referred to as the classical GrzB/apoptosis pathway. In the absence of perforin, GrzB is released into extracellular space (bGrzB is the biomarker) stimulating GrzB in other cells and causing cleavage of IL-1α and the extracellular matrix causing inflammation and loss of tissue integrity.