Table 2.

The relationship of spiritually oriented interventions to depressive concerns.

Existential/clinical domain	Depressive concern	Healthy spiritual characteristic	Spiritually oriented approach
Identity	Doubt, disorientation	Engaged	Humanistic, 12 Step
		Transformative
Hope	Despair, mistrust	Integrated	Psychodynamic,
			CBT
		Visionary	Spiritual direction, IPT
Meaning/purpose	Meaninglessness	Attuned, contemplative	Meaning centered, mindfulness, meditation
Morality	Guilt	Mature, reconciled	Forgiveness promoting, positive psychology
Authority/autonomy	Isolation, rejection	Accepted, loved	Psychodynamic, IPT, spiritual direction