Table 2. Severe Sepsis and Moderate/Severe Cognitive Impairment Among Survivors.

Results of latent growth curve regression with individual-level fixed effects, controlling for all time-invariant characteristics of the patient. Confidence intervals are in parentheses. The absence of association would be indicated by an odds ratio of 1.

	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-value
Before Sepsis (per additional year)	1.35	(1.11, 1.65)	p = 0.002
Effect of Sepsis	3.34	(1.53, 7.25)	p = 0.002
After Sepsis (per additional year)	1.68	(1.28, 2.21)	p < 0.001

Interpretation Example: With each passing year, patients were modestly more likely to develop moderate/severe cognitive impairment. After severe sepsis, survivors had a 3.3-fold greater odds of having moderate/severe cognitive impairment than before sepsis. (See also Figure 2.)