. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Hand Clin. 2012 Mar 27;28(2):217–223. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2012.02.004

Table 1.

Table is modified from Laurencin's classification (1). OG: Osteogenic, OI: Osteoinductive, OC: Osteoconductive, SS: Structural Support.

Bone Grafts and Substitutes			OG	OI	OC	SS	Cost
Autograft			+	+	+	+^(*)	+++/++++^(†)
Allograft			-	+	+	+^(*)	+/++
Substitutes	Biological	Coral	-	+	+	-	++/+++
		Collagen type 1	-	+	+^(**)	-	(No studies on DRFx)
		Demineralized bone matrix	-	+/-	+	-	+/++
	Synthetic	Factor-Based (TGF-β, PDGF, FGF, BMP)	-	+	+/-	-	+++/++++^(‡)
		Cell-Based (Mesenchymal stem cells)	+	-	+^(**)	-	(No studies on DRFx)
		Ceramic-Based (Calcium HA, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate cement)	-	-	+	+	+/++
		Polymer-Based	-	-	+	-	(No studies on DRFx)

^(*)

If the graft includes cortical bone. HA: Hydroxyapetite.

^(†)

Including direct and indirect costs, data based on studies of spinal fusion and tibial nonunions.

^(‡)

Only Rh-BMP is tested on distal radius fractures.

^(**)

If used with a carrier.