NOTE: Lines connect coefficients from regression models predicting happiness—measured on a linear scale from 1 (not at all happy) to 4 (very happy)—with number of children (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+), controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, income, marital status, country, and year.
■ p<.05 ● p<.10 ○ p≥.10
SOURCE: World Values Surveys 1981–2005, N = 201,988.