Parameters of plaque vulnerability in upstream portions of carotid plaques. Representative sections from human asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid plaques showing staining for lipids (A), neutrophils (B), matrix metalloprotease-9 (C), collagen (D), smooth muscle cells (E), and macrophages (F). Collagen specificity is shown under bright illumination without polarization (upper part of panel D) and under polarized light illumination (lower part of panel D).