Table 1.

Treatment options for HIV-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma

Treatment option		Reference
HAART alone		Krown SE. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:399–402.
Local Therapy	Excision surgery	No convincing evidence [Simonart T. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007; 21(4):573]
	Cryotherapy (surgery)	Tappero JW et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1991;4:839–846.
	Radiation	Kigula-Mugambe JB et al. Radiother Oncol. 2005;76:59–62.
	Alitretinoin gel	Walmsley S et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999;22:235–246
	Intralesional chemotherapy	Ramirez-Amador V et al. Oral Oncol. 2002;38:460–467
	Laser therapy (surgery)	Abels C et al. Br J Cancer. 1998;77(6):1021–4
	Photodynamic treatment (experimental)	Bernstein ZP et al. Aids 1999;13:1697–1704
Immunotherapy	Interferon-alpha	Lane HC et al. Lancet 1988;2:1218–1222
Cytotoxic chemotherapy	Liposomal doxorubicin	Osoba D et al. Cancer Invest 2001;19:573–580
	Liposomal daunorubicin	Gill PS et al. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2353–2364
	Paclitaxel	Welles L et al. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1112–1121
	Etoposide	Paredes J et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995;9:138–144
	Vincristine alone	Mintzer DM et al. Annals of Internal Medicine 1985;102(2):200–202. [poor results, however HAART was not used]
	Vinblastine alone	Volberding PA et al. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:335–338
	Bleomycin alone	Lassoued K et al. Cancer 1990;66:1869–72.
	Vincristine/Vinblastine	Kaplan L et al. Cancer Treat Rep 1986;70(9):1121–2.
	Vincristine/Bleomycin (BV)	Gill P et al. Am J Clin Oncol. 1990;13(4):315–9.
	Vincristine/Bleomycin/Doxorubicin (ABV)	Gill PS et al. Am J Med 1991;90:427–433
	Gemcitabine	Brambilla L et al. Dermatology 2001;202(2):119–22.
	Vinorelbine	Nasti G et al. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(7):1550–7.
Molecularly targeted therapy examples (mainly experimental)		Angiogenesis inhibitors : imatinib or sunitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors)	Koon HB et al. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:982–989
		Angiogenesis inhibitors: thalidomide, fumagillin (TNP-470) or bevacizumab	Soler RA et al. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:501–505
		Angiogenesis inhibitors : COL-3 (matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor)	Dezube BJ et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1389–1394
		Inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (rapamycin or sirolimus)	Stallone G et al. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1317–1323
	Nuclear factor κB inhibitors (bortezomib)	Keller SA et al. Blood 2000; 96:2537–2542
KSHV/HHV8 therapy	Ganciclovir or Foscarnet (theoretical benefit)	Robles R et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999;20:34–38