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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Early Educ Dev. 2011 Jun 1;22(3):434–460. doi: 10.1080/10409289.2011.578046

TABLE 1.

Means and Standard Deviations for Study Variables

Variable Total
Boys
Girls
M SD M SD M SD
Teacher EC 4.49a .94 4.27 .90 4.69 .92
Parent EC 4.77b .76 4.61 .74 4.91 .75
Knock tap 0.59 .36 0.56 .36 0.61 .35
Gift wrap 0.57c .41 0.51 .41 0.63 .41
Teacher closeness 4.38d .56 4.29 .57 4.45 .54
Teacher conflict 1.81e .83 1.94 .86 1.70 .78
Teacher avoidance 1.41 .56 1.43 .57 1.40 .55
Student avoidance 2.43 .53 2.47 .51 2.40 .55
Student liking 2.53 .53 2.52 .55 2.55 .52
Teacher liking 4.42f .61 4.34 .63 4.49 .59

Note. EC = effortful control.

a

Sex difference, t(802) = 6.54, p < .001.

b

Sex difference, t(630) = 5.06, p < .001.

c

Sex difference, t(785) = 4.09, p < .001.

d

Sex difference, t(720) = 3.81, p < .001.

e

Sex difference, t(692) = 3.88, p < .001.

f

Sex difference, t(678) = 3.20, p < .01.