Table 1.
Summary of studies that have examined the impact of age on mortality in cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremiaa
| Study (outcome of interest) | No. of MSSA and MRSA bacteremic episodes | Overall mortality rate (%) | Age variable; OR (95% CI; P) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that found age to be an independent predictor of mortality (multivariate analysis) | ||||
| Single-center retrospective Taiwan study (1990–2004); 30-day all-cause mortality | 297 MSSA, 851 MRSA | 44.1 | Age >65 yr; 1.85 (1.37–2.50; <0.01) | 308 |
| Single-center retrospective Spanish study (1991–1998); in-hospital infection-related mortality | 683 MSSA, 225 MRSA | 12.1 | Age per 10 yr; 1.17 (1.05–1.31; ND) | 275 |
| Single-center retrospective Canadian study (1991–2005); 30-day mortality | 746 MSSA, 96 MRSA | 24.0 | Age >65 yr; 2.31 (1.43–3.73; <0.01) | 5 |
| Single-center prospective Spanish study (1991–2005); 30-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 414 MRSA | 28.0 | Age per yr; 1.02 (1.00–1.04; 0.013) | 273 |
| Single-center retrospective Belgian study (1992–1998); 30-day in-hospital mortality | 38 MSSA, 47 MRSA | 37.6 | Age per yr; 1.02 (1.00–1.02; 0.01) | 18 |
| Single-center prospective Danish study (1994–1996); 150-day mortality | 275 MSSA, 3 MRSA | 34 | Age ≥60 yr; 2.4 (1.1–5.3; 0.03) | 127 |
| Single-center prospective U.S. study (1994-1998); 90-day all-cause mortality | 385 SAB | 20.5 | Age >65 yr; 2.39 (1.45–3.95; ND) | 192 |
| Single-center retrospective U.S. study (1995–1999); 30-day all-cause mortality | 204 MSSA, 89 MRSA | 23.2 | Age >65 yr; 2.0 (1.0–3.8; 0.048) | 206 |
| Single-center retrospective Chinese study (2001–2007); 90-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 115 MRSA | 21.7 | Age per yr; 1.03 (1.01–1.05; 0.019) | 32 |
| Multicenter retrospective U.S. study (1995–2003); 90-day infection-related mortality | 245 MSSA, 193 MRSA | 26.0 | Age >65 yr; 2.3 (1.38–3.8; <0.01) | 266 |
| Single-center retrospective U.S. study (1996–2006); all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 489 MRSA | 25.0 | Age per yr; 1.05 (1.03–1.07; <0.001) | 202 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwan study (1997–2001); 30-day infection-related mortality | 0 MSSA, 162 MRSA | 47.5 | Age ≥60 yr; 2.90 (1.25–6.75; 0.01) | 59 |
| Multicenter retrospective United Kingdom study (1997–2004); 30-day mortality | 229 MSSA, 232 MRSA | 29.0 | Age per decade; 1.79 (1.75–1.82; ND) | 322 |
| Single-center retrospective Australian study (1997–2008); 30-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 401 MRSA | 28.7 | Age per yr; 1.03 (1.01–1.05; 0.005) | 301 |
| Single-center retrospective Swiss study (1998–2002); in-hospital all-cause mortality | 302 MSSA, 6 MRSA | 19.5 | Age per 10 yr; 1.3 (1.2–1.6; <0.01) | 131 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwan study (2001–2006); in-hospital infection-related mortality | 0 MSSA, 177 MRSA | 33.3 | Age per yr; 1.04 (1.01–1.08; 0.01) | 167 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwan study (2001–2007); 90-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 115 MRSA | 21.7 | Age per yr; 1.01 (1.0–1.02; <0.05) | 33 |
| Single-center retrospective Germany study (2002–2004); in-hospital all-cause mortality | 454 MSSA, 67 MRSA | 21.7 | Age ≥60 yr; 2.4 (1.4–4.2, <0.01) | 237 |
| Single-center retrospective Israeli study (2003–2006); in-hospital infection related-mortality | 0 MSSA, 250 MRSA | 37.2 | Age per yr; 1.02 (1.004–1.04; 0.013) | 185 |
| Single-center retrospective U.S. study (2003–2008); in-hospital mortality | 326 MSSA, 488 MRSA | 13.3 | Age per yr; 1.04 (1.03–1.05; ND) | 257 |
| Single-center prospective U.S. study (2004); in-hospital mortality | 0 MSSA, 132 MRSA | 22.0 | Age >55 yr; 8.09 (2.02-32.5; 0.03) | 261 |
| Multicenter prospective post hoc analysis Asian study (2004–2006); 30-day all-cause mortality | 380 MSSA, 329 MRSA | 24.5 | Age ≥65 yr; 1.69 (1.15–2.48; 0.008) | 133 |
| Multicenter prospective post hoc analysis Asian study (2004–2006); 30-day all-cause mortality | 1,701 MSSA, 2,007 MRSA | 13.4 | Age per 10 yr; 1.19 (1.12–1.27; <0.01) | 134 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwanese study (2004–2006); 30-day all-cause mortality | 186 MSSA, 30 MRSA | 12.6 | Age per yr; 1.03 (1.01–1.06; <0.01) | 310 |
| Single-center retrospective Singaporean study (2005–2006); in-hospital infection-related mortality | 100 MSSA, 0 MRSA | 23.9 | Age >65 yr; 13.7 (2.75–68.3; <0.01) | 35 |
| Single-center, prospective U.S. study (2005–2006), 30-day all-cause mortality | 90 MSSA, 163 MRSA | Not stated | Age per yr; 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | 77 |
| Multicenter retrospective European study (2007); 30-day all-cause mortality | 257 MSSA, 77 MRSA | 24.0 | Age per yr; 1.06 (1.03–1.10; <0.01) | 6 |
| Multicenter prospective Australian study (2007–2008); 30-day all-cause mortality | 1,415 MSSA, 450 MRSA | 20.6 | Age >70 yr; ND (ND; <0.001) | 296 |
| Multicenter prospective Australian study (2007–2008); 30-day all-cause mortality | 324 MSSA, 199 MRSA | 17.2 | Age per yr; 1.06 (1.04–1.08; <0.01) | 101 |
| Studies where age was not an independent predictor of mortality | ||||
| Single-center prospective Spanish study (1990–1993); infection-related mortality | 100 MSSA, 84 MRSA | 44.0 | Age >65 yr; ND | 244 |
| Single-center retrospective Turkish study (1990–1994); infection-related mortality | 55 MSSA, 46 MRSA | 21.8 | ND | 291 |
| Single-center retrospective Brazilian study (1991–1992); 14-day all-cause mortality | 46 MSSA, 90 MRSA | 39.0 | Age >60 yr; ND | 39 |
| Single-center retrospective French study (1997–1998); infection-related mortality | 69 MSSA, 30 MRSA | 27.3 | Age ≥60 yr; ND | 286 |
| Single-center retrospective U.S. study (1997–2000); in-hospital mortality | 250 MSSA, 96 MRSA | 20.7 | Age >65 yr; ND | 41 |
| Single-center retrospective Korean study (1998–2001); 60-day infection-related mortality | 111 MSSA, 127 MRSA | 37.0 | Age ≥65 yr; 1.88 (0.97–3.62; ND) | 142 |
| Single-center retrospective Korean study (1998–2006); infection-related mortality | 294 MSSA, 0 MRSA | 19.4 | Age ≥65 yr; 1.4 (0.8–2.5; 0.29) | 140 |
| Single-center retrospective Brazilian study (2000–2001); infection-related mortality | 50 MSSA, 61 MRSA | 39.0 | Age per yr; 0.98 (0.96–1.00; 0.07) | 89 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwanese study (2000–2008); 30-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 227 MRSA | 44.9 | Age ≥65 yr; 1.93 (0.98–3.78; ND) | 171 |
| Single-center retrospective Belgian study (2002–2004); infection-related in-hospital mortality | 88 MSSA, 66 MRSA | 40.0 | ND | 168 |
| Multicenter retrospective U.S. study (2004–2005); in-hospital mortality | 32 MSSA, 36 MRSA | 19.1 | Age per yr; 1.05 (1.0–1.1; 0.08) | 184 |
| Single-center retrospective Taiwanese study (2006–2008); 30-day all-cause mortality | 0 MSSA, 253 MRSA | 30.5 | ND | 309 |
a
Studies employed a multivariate logistic regression model.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; P, probability; ND, not described.