Decrease in PAH parent compound concentration by E. coli cells expressing all four PG1 RHD genes relative to E. coli cells expressing only the RHD ferredoxin and reductase genes. Values are averages plus standard deviations (error bars) of triplicate incubations. Experiments for which an expressed RHD displayed at least 25% removal of the PAH and significantly lower PAH concentration than the control without expressed RHD α- and β-subunits are indicated by asterisks. Abbreviations: NAP, naphthalene; FLU, fluorene; ANT, anthracene; BAA, benz[a]anthracene; PHN, phenanthrene; PYR, pyrene.