Table 1.
Medium and growth phasea | Growth rate (h−1)b | Rate (mM · unit of OD600−1 · h−1)b |
Aggregate productivity (%)c | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uptake (observed) |
Production (observed) |
Maximum production of ATPd | Cellular ATP requiremente | ||||||
Glucose | Xylose | Formate | Ethanol | Succinate | |||||
ACSH | |||||||||
Exp | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 13.6 ± 8.2 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 25.9 ± 8.7 | 7.1 ± 3.7 | 37 ± 22 | 14.4 | 150 ± 80 | |
Trans | 0.11 ± 0.02f | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 2.5 | 130 ± 30 | ||
Stat | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 80 ± 30 | |||
SynH | |||||||||
Exp | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 13.0 ± 3.9 | 17.3 ± 5 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 36 ± 11 | 12.2 | 70 ± 30 | ||
Stat | 2.6g | 0.31g | 3.6g | 0.28g | 7.6g | 90 | |||
SynH-3× AA | |||||||||
Exp | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 13.8 ± 5.0 | 19.6 ± 6.8 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 38 ± 14 | 90 ± 40 | |||
Stat | 3.1g | 0.41g | 4.1g | 0.46g | 9.7g | 80 | |||
GMM | |||||||||
Exp | 0.17 ± 0.002 | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 11.9 ± 2.1 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 22.3 ± 2.2 | 8.4 | 90 ± 20 |
Exp, exponential phase; Trans, transition phase; Stat, stationary phase; AA, amino acids.
95% confidence intervals were calculated by sensitivity analysis and the F distribution.
Calculated from the rates of ethanol and succinate production divided by the rate of glucose consumption, assuming 2 ethanol per glucose and 1 succinate per glucose. 95% confidence intervals were propagated from rates of ethanol and succinate production.
Maximum theoretical rate of ATP production possible based on observed sugar uptake rates (2.75 ATP/glucose and 2.04 ATP/xylose).
Combination of growth-dependent ATP requirement and growth-independent maintenance (assumed constant at 3.6 mM · unit of OD−1 · h−1 [86]) calculated with the iJR904 E. coli metabolic model (68); see Materials and Methods.
Growth rates for transition phase are in units of OD · h−1.
Rate estimated from only two time points during which glucose consumption occurred.