Table 1.

Estimated rates of growth, uptake, and production by GLBRCE1

Medium and growth phasea	Growth rate (h−1)b	Rate (mM · unit of OD600−1 · h−1)b							Aggregate productivity (%)c
		Uptake (observed)			Production (observed)		Maximum production of ATPd	Cellular ATP requiremente
		Glucose	Xylose	Formate	Ethanol	Succinate
ACSH
Exp	0.37 ± 0.07	13.6 ± 8.2		1.8 ± 1.3	25.9 ± 8.7	7.1 ± 3.7	37 ± 22	14.4	150 ± 80
Trans	0.11 ± 0.02f	3.7 ± 0.9		0.6 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 1.2	1.9 ± 0.6	10 ± 2.5		130 ± 30
Stat		1.9 ± 0.5		0.0	1.6 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.9		80 ± 30
SynH
Exp	0.29 ± 0.02	13.0 ± 3.9			17.3 ± 5	0.8 ± 0.6	36 ± 11	12.2	70 ± 30
Stat		2.6g	0.31g		3.6g	0.28g	7.6g		90
SynH-3× AA
Exp	0.45 ± 0.03	13.8 ± 5.0			19.6 ± 6.8	1.9 ± 0.6	38 ± 14		90 ± 40
Stat		3.1g	0.41g		4.1g	0.46g	9.7g		80
GMM
Exp	0.17 ± 0.002	8.1 ± 0.8			11.9 ± 2.1	1.1 ± 0.4	22.3 ± 2.2	8.4	90 ± 20

^aExp, exponential phase; Trans, transition phase; Stat, stationary phase; AA, amino acids.

^b95% confidence intervals were calculated by sensitivity analysis and the F distribution.

^cCalculated from the rates of ethanol and succinate production divided by the rate of glucose consumption, assuming 2 ethanol per glucose and 1 succinate per glucose. 95% confidence intervals were propagated from rates of ethanol and succinate production.

^dMaximum theoretical rate of ATP production possible based on observed sugar uptake rates (2.75 ATP/glucose and 2.04 ATP/xylose).

^eCombination of growth-dependent ATP requirement and growth-independent maintenance (assumed constant at 3.6 mM · unit of OD⁻¹ · h⁻¹ [86]) calculated with the iJR904 E. coli metabolic model (68); see Materials and Methods.

^fGrowth rates for transition phase are in units of OD · h⁻¹.

^gRate estimated from only two time points during which glucose consumption occurred.