PMP production in A. mimigardefordensis SHX5 and SHX9 by using different carbon sources. The cells were first incubated in MS medium containing different carbon sources at a concentration of 5 g/liter except sodium propionate, which was supplied at a concentration of only 2 g/liter, in the first cultivation stage. When sodium gluconate, sodium propionate, or sodium succinate was used as the carbon source, the weight of sodium was eliminated. In the late exponential phase, all cells were transferred into the same MS medium containing 5 g/liter of the carbon sources (or 2 g/liter sodium propionate) plus 5 g/liter DTDP as precursor substrate. After 4 days of incubation, the PMP content of each sample was analyzed. The error bars represent the standard deviations from three independent experiments.