Ciprofloxacin-treated mice display reduced protection in challenge infections. (A) S. Typhimuriumatt-immunized mice had been treated with PBS (control mice; open circles) or ciprofloxacin (black circles). At day 40 p.i., the animals were challenged with wt S. Typhimurium (200 CFU intragastrically, group III). At day 2 postchallenge, inflammation of the cecal mucosa was assessed (a score of ≤3 indicates no inflammation; dashed line). (B) wt S. Typhimurium loads in the cecum content (black circles), MLN (red circles), and the spleen (blue circles). Dashed line, detection limits; black bars, median; *, P < 0.05; ns, not significant.