Mortality counts (mean ± SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All cause |
|
0.40 ± 0.71 |
|
0.29 ± 0.61 |
|
0.45 ± 0.78 |
|
0.29 ± 0.61 |
|
0.30 ± 0.60 |
Cardiovascular |
|
0.16 ± 0.43 |
|
0.10 ± 0.34 |
|
0.15 ± 0.42 |
|
0.10 ± 0.33 |
|
0.11 ± 0.34 |
Respiratory |
|
0.04 ± 0.20 |
|
0.03 ± 0.18 |
|
0.05 ± 0.22 |
|
0.03 ± 0.16 |
|
0.03 ± 0.17 |
Hospitalization counts (mean ± SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internal causes |
|
6.85 ± 6.75 |
|
4.88 ± 5.42 |
|
5.97 ± 5.63 |
|
3.65 ± 4.15 |
|
4.01 ± 3.77 |
Cardiovascular diseases |
|
1.90 ± 2.18 |
|
1.57 ± 2.01 |
|
1.23 ± 1.54 |
|
1.02 ± 1.43 |
|
1.09 ± 1.35 |
Respiratory diseases |
|
1.42 ± 1.77 |
|
1.15 ± 1.62 |
|
1.14 ± 1.44 |
|
0.72 ± 1.12 |
|
0.86 ± 1.15 |
Cerebrovascular disease |
|
0.35 ± 0.67 |
|
0.22 ± 0.52 |
|
0.23 ± 0.52 |
|
0.18 ± 0.46 |
|
0.18 ± 0.45 |
Electrolyte imbalance |
|
0.90 ± 1.27 |
|
0.61 ± 0.61 |
|
0.68 ± 1.01 |
|
0.45 ± 0.82 |
|
0.56 ± 0.88 |
Heat-related illnesses |
|
0.002 ± 0.05 |
|
0.001 ± 0.03 |
|
0.001 ± 0.03 |
|
0.001 ± 0.03 |
|
0.001 ± 0.02 |
Nephritis and nephritic syndrome |
|
0.38 ± 0.76 |
|
0.28 ± 0.28 |
|
0.06 ± 0.40 |
|
0.19 ± 0.50 |
|
0.22 ± 0.53 |
Acute renal failure |
|
0.20 ± 0.49 |
|
0.16 ± 0.44 |
|
0.13 ± 0.38 |
|
0.10 ± 0.34 |
|
0.12 ± 0.37 |
Exposure variables (%)a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deviant days |
|
5.11 |
|
4.59 |
|
5.39 |
|
4.79 |
|
3.97 |
Extreme days |
|
5.39 |
|
5.88 |
|
6.20 |
|
5.47 |
|
5.50 |
Vulnerability variables (mean ± SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HVI (continuous) |
|
14.5 ± 1.74 |
|
13.3 ± 1.38 |
|
13.3 ± 1.20 |
|
13.9 ± 1.13 |
|
14.5 ± 1.58 |
Social/environmental (factor 1) |
|
3.49 ± 0.83 |
|
2.74 ± 0.68 |
|
3.25 ± 0.64 |
|
2.80 ± 0.48 |
|
2.85 ± 0.51 |
Social isolation (factor 2) |
|
2.99 ± 0.79 |
|
3.53 ± 0.69 |
|
3.68 ± 0.92 |
|
3.37 ± 0.60 |
|
3.39 ± 0.85 |
Air conditioning prevalence (factor 3) |
|
4.21 ± 1.14 |
|
4.01 ± 0.03 |
|
4.00 ± 0.00 |
|
5.00 ± 0.003 |
|
5.57 ± 0.77 |
Preexisting conditions (factor 4) |
|
3.83 ± 0.58 |
|
2.98 ± 0.69 |
|
2.40 ± 0.48 |
|
2.73 ± 0.59 |
|
2.67 ± 0.66 |
HVI (categorical) |
|
2.12 ± 0.81 |
|
1.57 ± 0.67 |
|
1.55 ± 0.59 |
|
1.82 ± 0.74 |
|
2.16 ± 0.78 |
Low (%) |
|
27.9 |
|
53.1 |
|
50.0 |
|
38.5 |
|
24.1 |
Middle (%) |
|
34.1 |
|
36.5 |
|
45.0 |
|
41.8 |
|
36.3 |
High (%) |
|
37.9 |
|
10.4 |
|
5.0 |
|
19.7 |
|
39.6 |
8-hr ozone (ppm) |
|
0.05 ± 0.02 |
|
0.04 ± 0.02 |
|
0.06 ± 0.01 |
|
0.03 ± 0.01 |
|
0.03 ± 0.01 |
Abbreviations: CA, California; MA, Massachusetts; NM, New
Mexico; OR, Oregon; WA, Washington. aThe percentages for deviant days
and extreme days by state can be > 5% because the temperature was
equal to the 95th percentile value on many ZIP code-days. |