. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Feb 2;43(3):335–343. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.12.012

Table 3.

Differences in Alcohol and Drug Use severity based on fatherhood status and PTSD symptoms

Variable	Dependent Variable	Pillai’s Trace	Multivariate F^a	Univariate F^b
PTSD Symptoms	Alcohol Abuse	.32	17.96^***	2.38
	Drug Abuse	.32	17.96^***	33.91^***
Father	Alcohol Abuse	.04	1.60	1.25
	Drug Abuse	.04	1.60	2.94
Father x PTSD	Alcohol Abuse	.08	3.24^*	5.91^*
	Drug Abuse	.08	3.24^*	3.19

Represents multivariate analysis of covariance with both alcohol abuse severity and drug abuse severity in the models as the dependent measure;

Represent post hoc ANCOVA analyses with each dependent variable entered as a covariate (e.g. in alcohol models, drug abuse is entered as a covariate).

P < .05

^**

P < .01

^***

P < .001