Table 1.
The main prosthetic groups involved in biocatalytic reactions
| Coenzyme name | Structure of prosthetic group derivative | Classes of enzymes. Type of reaction, which involves the prosthetic group |
| Biotin |  |
Carboxylases. E.C. 6.4.1.2; 6.4.1.3. Carboxylation. Transfer of a single carbon fragment (CO2) onto acetyl- CoA, propionyl-CoA, and other organic molecules |
| Lipoate |  |
Acyltransferases. E.C. 2.3.1.12. Reduction-oxidation. Transfer of carbon fragments onto CoA via reductive acylation of lipoamide during oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoacids. |
| Panthotenate |  |
Acyltransferases. E.C. 2.3.1.85. Transacylation. Transfer of an acyl fragment from one enzyme of a multi-enzyme complex to another. |
| Pyridoxal phospate |  |
Aminotransferases. E.C.2.6.1. Transamination of amino acids. |
| Heme |  |
cytochrome c oxidase. E.C. 1.9.3.1. Reduction-oxidation. Transfer of electrons on the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. |
| FAD |  |
Oxidoreductases. E.C. 1.3.99.1. Reduction-oxidation. Oxidation of the -CH2-CH2- group down to trans-CH=CH- |