Table 6.

Serum cytokine concentrations in 41 perimenopausal women with depression subdivided into five groups according to the presence and severity of hot flashes (Menopause Rating Scale)

Cytokine	Hot flashes					P value, Kruskal-Wallis
	Without, (n = 2)	Mild, (n = 7)	Moderate, (n = 6)	Severe, (n = 17)	Very severe, (n = 9)
TNFα	0.00 (true zero)	4.61 (1.84 to 7.35)	7.35	8.99 (4.65 to 14.30)	13.19 (7.12 to 21.90)	0.583, NS
IL-6	0.00 (true zero)	1.44 (1.44 to 1.44)	1.13	2.50 (1.44 to 4.67)	2.11 (1.50 to 2.95)	0.719, NS
IL-10	0.00 (true zero)	0.00 (true zero)	4.54	4.96 (3.10 to 10.20)	6.83 (3.44 to 12.00)	0.745, NS

The results of cytokines are expressed as medians (10% to 90%). Unit of serum cytokine concentration is pg/ml.

IL = interleukin; NS = not significant; TNF = tumor necrosis factor.