Table 2.
Mean scores for pain, disability, general health and depression from baseline to follow-up and adjusted change scores
| Outcome | Group | N | Mean (± SD) |
Adjusted differencea (95% CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain NRS (0-10) | |||||
| Baseline | Rest | 49 | 5.6 (± 1.5) | ||
| Exercise | 51 | 5.1 (± 2.2) | |||
| Post-treatment | Rest | 45 | 5.0 (± 1.9) | -0.07 (-0.9 to 0.7) | 0.9 |
| Exercise | 42 | 4.5 (± 2.1) | |||
| One-year | Rest | 48 | 4.8 (± 2.3) | -0.3 (-1.3 to 0.6) | 0.5 |
| Exercise | 46 | 4.3 (± 2.4) | |||
| Disability RMQ-23 | |||||
| Baseline | Rest | 49 | 12.0 (± 4.0) | ||
| Exercise | 51 | 13.3 (± 4.8) | |||
| Post-treatment | Rest | 45 | 11.0 (± 4.8) | -0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0) | 0.5 |
| Exercise | 42 | 11.1 (± 5.4) | |||
| One-year | Rest | 47 | 10.7 (± 5.5) | -1.2 (-3.3 to 1.0) | 0.3 |
| Exercise | 46 | 10.7 (± 6.1) | |||
| General health EQindex | |||||
| Baseline | Rest | 47 | 0.7 (± 0.12) | ||
| Exercise | 51 | 0.6 (± 0.17) | |||
| Post-treatment | Rest | 43 | 0.7 (± 0.12) | 0.04 (-0.007 to 0.09) | 0.1 |
| Exercise | 42 | 0.7 (± 0.13) | |||
| One-year | Rest | 48 | 0.7 (± 0.21) | 0.06 (-0.008 to 0.14) | 0.08 |
| Exercise | 47 | 0.7 (± 0.13) | |||
| General health EQVAS | |||||
| Baseline | Rest | 48 | 54 (± 18) | ||
| Exercise | 49 | 53 (± 20) | |||
| Post-treatment | Rest | 44 | 56 (± 18) | 0.02 (-7.7 to 7.7) | 0.9 |
| Exercise | 41 | 56 (± 21) | |||
| One-year | Rest | 49 | 56 (± 21) | 5.4 (-2.6 to 13.5) | 0.2 |
| Exercise | 47 | 60 (± 22) | |||
| Depression score BDI | |||||
| Baseline | Rest | 49 | 10.7(± 6.1) | ||
| Exercise | 51 | 9.6(± 5.9) | |||
| Post-treatment | Rest | 45 | 8.6(± 6.1) | 0.67 (-0.99 to 2.3) | 0.4 |
| Exercise | 42 | 7.9(± 5.5) | 0.08 (-0.3 to 0.4)b | 0.7b | |
| One-year follow-up | Rest | 49 | 9.5(± 7.1) | -0.92 (-2.8 to 0.97) | 0.3 |
| Exercise | 47 | 8.0(± 6.1) | -0.17 (-0.6 to 0.22)b | 0.4b |
aBetween group differences adjusted for baseline score, age, sex, physical workload and smoking. bResults of analysis with square-root transformation of data. Mean values reported for untransformed data to assist clinical interpretation.BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D, EuroQol; NRS, numeric rating scale; RMQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.