Table 5.
Mean change of outcomes for the whole study sample
| Outcome | Follow-up | Mean difference (95% CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Post-treatment | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.004 |
| NRS (0-10) | One-year | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.3) | 0.003 |
| Disability | Post-treatment | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.000 |
| RMQ-23 | One-year | 2.2 (1.1 to 3.2) | 0.000 |
| General health | Post-treatment | -0.04 (-0.07 to -0.005) | 0.02 |
| EQindex | One-year | -0.03 (-0.08 to -0.01) | 0.18 |
| General health | Post-treatment | -4 (-8.7 to 0.7) | 0.09 |
| EQVAS | One-year | -5 (-9.4 to -0.5) | 0.03 |
| Depression | Post-treatment | 3.0 (1.8 to 11.3) | 0.000 |
| BDI | One-year | 1.7 (0.8 to 2.7) | 0.000 |
Mean differences, confidence interval (CI) and P-values for outcome measures at baseline, post-treatment and at one-year follow-up. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EQ-5D, EuroQol; NRS, numeric rating scale; RMQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.