Table 4.

summary of currently available anti-glaucoma drugs of potential value in cats

Drug	Class	Route	Frequency	Mechanism	Contraindications / Adverse effects	References

Dorzolamide 2%	CAI	Topical	Q 8 hour	↓ production	May be transient salivation. Innappetance in some cats. Sterile conjunctivitis	(3,54-56)

Brinzolamide 1%	CAI	Topical	Q 8 hours	↓ production	May be less effective but cause less ocular irritation than dorzolamide. Does not affect IOP in normal cats.	(57-58)

Methazolamide, Diclorphenamide	CAI	Oral	0.5-2 mg/kg q8-24 hours	↓ production	Cats very susceptible to adverse effects (anorexia, GI disturbances, increased respiratory rate due to metabolic acidosis) and should be monitored closely	(52-53, 64, 93)
Acetazolamide	CAI	Oral	10-25mg/kg PO; 5-10mg/kg IV	↓ production		(52-53, 64, 93)

Timolol 0.5%	Beta-blocker	Topical	Q 12 hrs	↓ production	Avoid in animals with feline asthma, cardiovascular disease or pupil block. Less effective during sleep.	(53, 59-60)

Betaxolol 0.5%	Beta-blocker	Topical	Q 12 hrs	↓ production	More Beta 2 –selective, may be safer in cats with respiratory or cardiovascular disease. Questionable efficacy in cats due to predominance of β-1 receptors in feline anterior segment	(61);Not studied

Epinephrine 1-2%	Adrenergic agonist	Topical	Q 6-12 hours	↑ outflow	Not reported but local irritation might be anticipated	(67)
Epinephrine 1-2%	Adrenergic agonist	Topical	Q 6-12 hours	↓ production	Not reported but local irritation might be anticipated	(67)

Dipivefrin 0.1%	Beta-adrenergic agonist	Topical	Q 6-12 hours	↑ outflow	Do not use with cholinesterase inhibitors	Not described in cats
Dipivefrin 0.1%	Beta-adrenergic agonist	Topical	Q 6-12 hours	↓ production	Do not use with cholinesterase inhibitors	Not described in cats

Pilocarpine 2%	Cholinergic	Topical	Q 6-12 hours	↑ outflow	Contra-indicated where pre-existing uveitis, aqueous humor misdirection, pupil block and/or phacomorphic glaucoma. Systemic toxicity may be observed	(53, 65-66)