Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| Variable | Value |
|
| Subjects without foot ulcers | Subjects with foot ulcers | |
| Case number | 170 | 25 |
| Male number | 96 (56.50%) | 15 (60.00%) |
| Age (year) | 57.01±14.50 | 68.20±12.26** |
| Skin AF (AU) | 2.29±0.47 | 2.80±0.69** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.57±3.65 | 22.92±3.46 |
| WC (cm) | 86.12±10.68 | 87.44±10.03 |
| Smoke index | 274.58±437.22 | 200.00±365.15 |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 6.71±5.77 | 11.07±6.04** |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 10.43±4.62 | 9.65±6.51* |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 15.60±6.21 | 13.69±3.46 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.47±2.54 | 9.25±2.14 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.59±2.35 | 8.16±5.80 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 67.65±41.15 | 123.47±181.71* |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.16±2.10 | 1.45±0.74* |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.27±0.30 | 1.15±0.33* |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.01±0.99 | 2.47±0.74** |
| LABI | 1.08±0.14 | 0.90±0.31** |
| CRP (mg/L) | 9.42±22.39 | 35.57±49.69** |
| RABI | 1.08±0.13 | 0.92±0.24** |
| VPT | 17.29±9.67 | 25.69±12.63** |
| Previous ulcer or amputation number | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) |
Values are expressed as mean±SD or n (%)
*
P<0.05, with foot ulcers vs. without foot ulcers
**
P<0.01, with foot ulcers vs. without foot ulcers
AF: autofluorescence; AU: arbitrary unit; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; FBG: fasting blood glucose; PBG: postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; ABI: ankle-brachial index; RABI: right ABI; LABI: left ABI; VPT: vibration perception threshold