Purified human monocytes were treated for 18 hours with AHCC FD (500 μg/ml for A, C; 20 – 500 μg/ml for B, D), α-glucan (500 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) or vehicle control (control). Cell culture supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-1β and IL-6 using ELISA. (A, C) Bars and error bars indicate mean (n = 4) and standard error of mean, respectively. *P < 0.05. (B, D) Dose kinetics of AHCC for IL-1β secretion by monocytes. Bars and error bars indicate mean and standard deviation of triplicates, respectively. Representative data from 3 independent experiments.