For example, the SPM-PA (e.g., the aunt was kissed by the man) treatment protocol included the following steps:
Upon hearing the sentence read aloud by the clinician, the patient chose between the target picture depicting that action and a foil picture with reversed thematic roles (i.e. depicting the man was kissed by the aunt), and feedback regarding accuracy was provided;
The clinician removed the foil picture, placed a strip of paper with the target sentence printed on it beneath the target picture, and further explained the roles of the agent and theme (e.g., “In this sentence, the aunt was kissed by the man, the man is kissing the aunt.”);
The clinician emphasized the agent of the action by placing a version of the target picture in which the agent was bolded/emphasized and the theme was un-bolded/de-emphasized, as well as a sentence strip in which the agent was bolded/emphasized and the theme was un- bolded/de-emphasized, on the table and saying, “In this part of the sentence, the aunt was kissed by the man, the man is doing the action. Ok, now you show me who is doing the action”. Feedback regarding accuracy was again provided;
The clinician emphasized the theme of the action in a similar manner, using both a picture and sentence strip in which the theme was bolded/emphasized and the agent was un- bolded/de-emphasized, again provided feedback as to accuracy;
The clinician put the original target picture and target sentence strip back on the table and once again read the full sentence and explained the roles of the agent and theme;
The clinician read the target sentence aloud and gave the patient the target picture and the foil picture to choose from.
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Therefore, for the same sentence, (e.g., the aunt was kissed by the man) treatment protocol included the following steps:
Upon hearing the sentence read aloud by the clinician, the patient enacted the target sentence using dolls (aunt, man) and feedback regarding accuracy was provided;
The clinician enacted the sentence using the dolls, placed a strip of paper with the target sentence printed on it beneath the target picture and further explained the roles of the agent and theme (e.g., “In this sentence, the aunt was kissed by the man, the man is kissing the aunt.”);
The clinician emphasized the agent of the action as well as a sentence strip in which the agent was bolded/emphasized and the theme was un- bolded/de-emphasized, on the table and saying, “In this part of the sentence, the aunt was kissed by the man, the man is doing the action. Ok, now you show me who is doing the action”. Feedback regarding accuracy was again provided;
The clinician emphasized the theme of the action in a similar manner (e.g., “In this part of the sentence, the aunt was kissed by the man, the woman is being kissed. Ok, now you show me who is receiving the action”) and then the theme of the action was emphasized in a similar manner
The clinician put the original target picture and target sentence strip back on the table and once again read the full sentence and explained the roles of the agent and theme;
The patient enacted the sentence with feedback from the clinician.
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