Table 2.
Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Smoking Variables, by Race
| White | Black | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases§ | Controls§ | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend‡** | Cases§ | Controls§ | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend‡** | |
| Smoking Status | 0.04 | 0.19 | ||||||
| Never | 309 | 287 | 1.00 (ref) | 123 | 184 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 34 | 25 | 1.51 (0.92–2.49) | 21 | 30 | 1.02 (0.54–1.91) | ||
| Former | 304 | 276 | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 106 | 169 | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | ||
| Current | 209 | 124 | 1.46 (1.05–2.04) | 111 | 140 | 1.16 (0.81–1.65) | ||
| Number of Years Smoked‡ | 0.0002 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 309 | 287 | 1.00 (ref) | 123 | 184 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 9 | 57 | 67 | 0.90 (0.60–1.35) | 13 | 28 | 0.49 (0.23–1.06) | ||
| 10–20 | 107 | 103 | 0.94 (0.66–1.34) | 39 | 67 | 0.81 (0.47–1.41) | ||
| 21–30 | 103 | 90 | 0.92 (0.67–1.25) | 54 | 76 | 1.07 (0.67–1.69) | ||
| 31–40 | 130 | 73 | 1.42 (0.98–2.06) | 70 | 86 | 1.08 (0.70–1.68) | ||
| 41+ | 115 | 67 | 1.58 (1.08–2.06) | 39 | 49 | 1.22 (0.72–2.07) | ||
| Average # of Cigarettes/day*‡ | 0.59 | 0.89 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 309 | 287 | 1.00 (ref) | 123 | 184 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 1–19 | 140 | 130 | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) | 107 | 158 | 1.01 (0.69–1.46) | ||
| 20–39 | 277 | 201 | 1.21 (0.96–1.52) | 89 | 131 | 0.87 (0.58–1.31) | ||
| 40+ | 96 | 67 | 1.12 (0.77–1.61) | 20 | 19 | 1.25 (0.55–2.82) | ||
| Pack years*‡ | 0.002 | 0.72 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 309 | 287 | 1.00 (ref) | 123 | 184 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 0.1≤10.99 | 95 | 109 | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | 63 | 93 | 0.92 (0.63–1.36) | ||
| 11–20.00 | 79 | 80 | 0.93 (0.61–1.42) | 46 | 81 | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | ||
| 20.01–40.00 | 164 | 108 | 1.29 (1.01–1.64) | 63 | 79 | 0.99 (0.65–1.50) | ||
| 40.01+ | 174 | 101 | 1.38 (1.02–1.95) | 42 | 53 | 1.00 (0.59–1.69) | ||
| Age at Smoking Initiation† | 0.42 | 0.40 | ||||||
| 21+ | 76 | 66 | 1.00 (ref) | 49 | 87 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 18–20 | 134 | 124 | 0.78 (0.54–1.14) | 58 | 82 | 0.97 (0.57–1.66) | ||
| 16–17 | 132 | 94 | 1.01 (0.69–1.46) | 51 | 69 | 0.96 (0.57–1.60) | ||
| ≤15 | 170 | 116 | 1.01 (0.69–1.50) | 58 | 70 | 1.16 (0.65–2.07) | ||
| Years Since Quitting*†‡ | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Current Smoker | 209 | 124 | 1.00 (ref) | 111 | 140 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 5 | 88 | 102 | 1.34 (0.83–2.17) | 18 | 43 | 0.97 (0.51–1.85) | ||
| 6–15 | 77 | 83 | 0.82 (0.53–1.25) | 25 | 41 | 0.73 (0.42–1.26) | ||
| 16–25 | 87 | 60 | 0.61 (0.39–0.94) | 34 | 48 | 0.72 (0.38–1.37) | ||
| 25+ | 52 | 31 | 0.62 (0.39–1.01) | 28 | 35 | 0.47 (0.25–0.88) | ||
| Smoking History | 0.02 | 0.32 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 309 | 287 | 1.00 (ref) | 123 | 184 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 34 | 25 | 1.51 (0.91–2.46) | 21 | 30 | 1.00 (0.54–1.86) | ||
| Former–Light | 140 | 157 | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 54 | 102 | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | ||
| Current–Light | 34 | 32 | 1.01 (0.62–1.64) | 55 | 72 | 1.30 (0.79–2.14) | ||
| Former-Heavy | 164 | 117 | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 51 | 65 | 0.97 (0.59–1.60) | ||
| Current-Heavy | 174 | 92 | 1.62 (1.12–2.34) | 54 | 67 | 1.07 (0.68–1.69) | ||
Adjusted for age, study site, gender, BMI, education, family history of kidney cancer in a first degree relative and hypertension (years since quitting also adjusted for pack years)
Occasional smokers are not included: 34 white cases, 21 black cases, 25 white controls, 30 black controls
Age at smoking initiation and years since quitting do not include nonsmokers
Missing data: Number of years smoked: 1 white case, 2 black cases, 3 black controls Number of cigarettes per day: 2 white controls, 1 black case, 1 black control Pack years could not be calculated for these 9 individuals (one person missing both variables) Years Since Quitting: 1 black case and 2 black controls
For Smoking Status and Smoking History, this number represents the overall test of significance