Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Smoking Variables, by Hypertensive Status and Race
| Normotensive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | |||||||
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | |
| Number of Years Smoked | 0.005 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 137 | 181 | 1.00 (ref) | 36 | 111 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 9 | 35 | 52 | 0.93 (0.55–1.56) | 4 | 12 | 0.89 (0.23–3.40) | ||
| 10–20 | 54 | 63 | 1.06 (0.66–1.71) | 11 | 45 | 0.72 (0.33–1.60) | ||
| 21–30 | 53 | 55 | 1.09 (0.71–1.68) | 21 | 37 | 1.63 (0.78–3.43) | ||
| 31–40 | 59 | 40 | 1.71 (1.05–2.81) | 18 | 40 | 1.37 (0.66–2.89) | ||
| 41+ | 44 | 30 | 2.20 (1.26–3.86) | 9 | 12 | 2.97 (0.90–9.85) | ||
| Pack years | 0.004 | 0.30 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 137 | 181 | 1.00 (ref) | 36 | 111 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 0.1≤10.99 | 55 | 80 | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 17 | 45 | 1.18 (0.62–2.24) | ||
| 11–20.99 | 40 | 50 | 1.04 (0.60–1.82) | 14 | 44 | 1.03 (0.49–2.15) | ||
| 21–40.99 | 82 | 62 | 1.64 (1.12–2.41) | 18 | 41 | 1.25 (0.66–2.39) | ||
| 41+ | 68 | 46 | 1.85 (1.09–3.13) | 13 | 16 | 2.29 (0.88–5.94) | ||
| Years Since Quitting | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Current | 106 | 83 | 1.00 (ref) | 37 | 73 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| le 5 | 27 | 24 | 1.16 (0.59–2.27) | 9 | 15 | 1.57 (0.45–5.43) | ||
| 6–15 | 46 | 32 | 1.06 (0.59–1.88) | 8 | 23 | 0.52 (0.20–1.38) | ||
| 16–25 | 35 | 46 | 0.64 (0.37–1.12) | 7 | 14 | 1.43 (0.51–4.00) | ||
| 25+ | 31 | 55 | 0.53 (0.25–1.14) | 2 | 21 | 0.15 (0.01–1.75) | ||
| Smoking History | 0.03 | 0.66 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 137 | 181 | 1.00 (ref) | 36 | 111 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 16 | 24 | 0.94 (0.52–1.68) | 3 | 14 | 0.60 (0.16–2.22) | ||
| Former/Light | 76 | 103 | 1.02 (0.67–1.54) | 14 | 48 | 0.93 (0.48–1.82) | ||
| Current/Light | 19 | 27 | 0.85 (0.45–1.63) | 17 | 41 | 1.22 (0.53–2.79) | ||
| Former/Heavy | 63 | 52 | 1.51 (0.93–2.47) | 12 | 25 | 1.33 (0.56–3.11) | ||
| Current/Heavy | 87 | 56 | 1.89 (1.21–2.96) | 19 | 32 | 1.58 (0.79–3.16) | ||
| Hypertensive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | |||||||
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | |
| Number of Years Smoked | 0.07 | 0.15 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 167 | 104 | 1.00 (ref) | 87 | 73 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 9 | 22 | 15 | 0.91 (0.43–1.91) | 9 | 15 | 0.40 (0.18–1.01) | ||
| 10–20 | 53 | 39 | 0.80 (0.47–1.36) | 27 | 22 | 0.81 (0.36–1.81) | ||
| 21–30 | 46 | 34 | 0.71 (0.46–1.09) | 32 | 39 | 0.72 (0.40–1.29) | ||
| 31–40 | 70 | 32 | 1.15 (0.69–1.90) | 52 | 45 | 0.95 (0.55–1.64) | ||
| 41+ | 68 | 37 | 1.10 (0.70–1.74) | 29 | 35 | 0.97 (0.53–1.77) | ||
| Pack years | 0.28 | 0.92 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 167 | 104 | 1.00 (ref) | 87 | 73 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 0.1≤10.99 | 40 | 29 | 0.77 (0.43–1.38) | 45 | 47 | 0.74 (0.45–1.23) | ||
| 11–20.00 | 38 | 28 | 0.77 (0.44–1.35) | 32 | 35 | 0.85 (0.49–1.46) | ||
| 20.01–40.00 | 80 | 45 | 0.85 (0.59–1.23) | 44 | 38 | 0.81 (0.48–1.35) | ||
| 40.01+ | 101 | 55 | 0.92 (0.61–1.37) | 28 | 36 | 0.68 (0.37–1.25) | ||
| Years Since Quitting | 0.22 | 0.29 | ||||||
| Current | 97 | 41 | 1.00 (ref) | 72 | 65 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| le 5 | 25 | 7 | 1.97 (0.77–5.04) | 19 | 19 | 0.83 (0.39–1.80) | ||
| 6–15 | 40 | 28 | 0.63 (0.34–1.18) | 25 | 24 | 0.89 (0.45–1.75) | ||
| 16–25 | 41 | 36 | 0.63 (0.33–1.18) | 18 | 27 | 0.64 (0.28–1.45) | ||
| 25+ | 57 | 45 | 0.86 (0.44–1.67) | 16 | 22 | 0.72 (0.32–1.62) | ||
| Smoking History | 0.63 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 167 | 104 | 1.00 (ref) | 87 | 73 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 18 | 1 | NA | 18 | 16 | 1.19 (0.54–2.61) | ||
| Former/Light | 64 | 52 | 0.78 (0.50–1.23) | 40 | 53 | 0.62 (0.38–1.01) | ||
| Current/Light | 14 | 5 | 1.81 (0.65–5.03) | 37 | 29 | 1.35 (0.70–2.62) | ||
| Former/Heavy | 99 | 64 | 0.86 (0.60–1.24) | 38 | 39 | 0.86 (0.47–1.57) | ||
| Current/Heavy | 82 | 36 | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 34 | 35 | 0.72 (0.42–1.24) | ||
*
Adjusted for age, study site, BMI, education, family history of kidney cancer in a first degree relative, and gender (years since quitting also adjusted for pack years)
†
For Smoking History, this number represents the overall test of significance
NA=could not be calculated
Occasional smokers are not included in the number of years smoked, pack years or years since quitting analyses