Table 4.
Adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Smoking Variables, by BMI and Race
| BMI Less than 30 kg/m2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | |||||||
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | |
| Number of Years Smoked | <0.0001 | 0.005 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 166 | 209 | 1.00 (ref) | 54 | 110 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 9 | 37 | 50 | 0.99 (0.63–1.53) | 4 | 19 | 0.30 (0.08–1.07) | ||
| 10–20 | 69 | 74 | 1.04 (0.71–1.54) | 18 | 52 | 0.60 (0.27–1.31) | ||
| 21–30 | 49 | 65 | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 31 | 48 | 1.24 (0.67–2.30) | ||
| 31–40 | 70 | 46 | 1.70 (1.05–2.74) | 43 | 66 | 1.03 (0.58–1.82) | ||
| 41+ | 75 | 44 | 2.09 (1.33–3.26) | 28 | 36 | 1.51 (0.76–3.03) | ||
| Pack years | 0.0002 | 0.29 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 166 | 209 | 1.00 (ref) | 54 | 110 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 0.1≤10.99 | 60 | 82 | 0.94 (0.66–1.36) | 34 | 69 | 0.80 (0.45–1.45) | ||
| 11–20.99 | 59 | 60 | 1.10 (0.69–1.75) | 25 | 56 | 0.94 (0.50–1.79) | ||
| 21–40.99 | 81 | 79 | 1.15 (0.81–1.62) | 36 | 58 | 0.94 (0.50–1.75) | ||
| 41+ | 100 | 57 | 1.97 (1.31–2.95) | 28 | 38 | 1.21 (0.61–2.37) | ||
| Years Since Quitting | 0.09 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Current | 131 | 88 | 1.00 (ref) | 73 | 110 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| le 5 | 28 | 21 | 1.26 (0.63–2.54) | 19 | 26 | 0.87 (0.40–1.85) | ||
| 6–15 | 38 | 32 | 0.94 (0.53–1.68) | 13 | 29 | 0.55 (0.25–1.23) | ||
| 16–25 | 40 | 55 | 0.62 (0.35–1.08) | 12 | 25 | 0.61 (0.26–1.46) | ||
| 25+ | 63 | 83 | 0.71 (0.42–1.21) | 8 | 31 | 0.29 (0.13–0.65) | ||
| Smoking History | 0.06 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 166 | 209 | 1.00 (ref) | 54 | 110 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 16 | 22 | 1.00 (0.53–1.88) | 14 | 17 | 1.67 (0.78–3.58) | ||
| Former/Light | 99 | 117 | 1.04 (0.73–1.47) | 24 | 68 | 0.58 (0.33–1.04) | ||
| Current/Light | 20 | 25 | 0.94 (0.50–1.76) | 35 | 57 | 1.34 (0.73–2.41) | ||
| Former/Heavy | 70 | 73 | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | 28 | 43 | 0.84 (0.46–1.53) | ||
| Current/Heavy | 111 | 63 | 1.95 (1.25–3.03) | 36 | 53 | 1.13 (0.65–1.95) | ||
| BMI of 30+ kg/m2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | |||||||
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | p-trend*† | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)* | trend*† | |
| Number of Years Smoked | 0.15 | 0.76 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 140 | 77 | 1.00 (ref) | 66 | 71 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| ≤ 9 | 20 | 17 | 0.70 (0.31–1.62) | 9 | 8 | 0.92 (0.30–2.82) | ||
| 10–20 | 38 | 29 | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | 21 | 15 | 1.47 (0.63–3.40) | ||
| 21–30 | 54 | 25 | 1.06 (0.61–1.85) | 23 | 27 | 0.84 (0.40–1.74) | ||
| 31–40 | 58 | 27 | 1.06 (0.60–1.86) | 26 | 20 | 1.55 (0.75–3.22) | ||
| 41+ | 39 | 22 | 0.90 (0.50–1.61) | 11 | 13 | 0.88 (0.35–2.78) | ||
| Pack years | 0.23 | 0.46 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 140 | 77 | 1.00 (ref) | 66 | 71 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 0.1≤10.99 | 35 | 27 | 0.71 (0.37–1.34) | 29 | 22 | 1.58 (0.82–3.05) | ||
| 11–20.00 | 20 | 20 | 0.52 (0.26–1.04) | 21 | 21 | 1.03 (0.49–2.13) | ||
| 20.01–40.00 | 80 | 29 | 1.40 (0.83–2.37) | 26 | 25 | 1.32 (0.63–2.76) | ||
| 40.01+ | 74 | 43 | 0.79 (0.48–1.30) | 14 | 15 | 1.07 (0.45–2.61) | ||
| Years Since Quitting | 0.21 | 0.68 | ||||||
| Current | 77 | 35 | 1.00 (ref) | 37 | 30 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| le 5 | 23 | 10 | 1.59 (0.68–3.70) | 9 | 9 | 1.25 (0.41–3.82) | ||
| 6–15 | 49 | 28 | 0.82 (0.41–1.62) | 21 | 19 | 1.19 (0.53–2.68) | ||
| 16–25 | 36 | 28 | 0.66 (0.30–1.48) | 13 | 15 | 1.22 (0.33–4.49) | ||
| 25+ | 25 | 19 | 0.61 (0.24–1.54) | 10 | 11 | 1.27 (0.32–5.00) | ||
| Smoking History | 0.18 | 0.50 | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 140 | 77 | 1.00 (ref) | 66 | 71 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Occasional | 16 | 3 | 3.05 (0.69–13.5) | 6 | 13 | 0.40 (0.14–1.13) | ||
| Former/Light | 41 | 40 | 0.57 (0.33–1.01) | 30 | 32 | 1.06 (0.56–2.01) | ||
| Current/Light | 14 | 7 | 1.21 (0.44–3.29) | 20 | 15 | 1.20 (0.53–2.75) | ||
| Former/Heavy | 92 | 44 | 1.16 (0.72–1.86) | 23 | 22 | 1.47 (0.67–3.20) | ||
| Current/Heavy | 62 | 28 | 1.01 (0.56–1.81) | 17 | 14 | 0.88 (0.38–2.01) | ||
*
Adjusted for age, study site, hypertension, education, family history of kidney cancer in a first degree relative and gender (years since quitting also adjusted for pack years)
†
For Smoking History, this number represents the overall test of significance Occasional smokers are not included in number of years smoked, pack years, or years since quitting analyses