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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2012 May 2;15(5):713–724. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.007

Figure 7. Regulation of SKN-1 and DAF-16 by TOR signaling.

Figure 7

The IIS, TORC1, and TORC2 pathways are involved in growth (see text). IIS inhibits SKN-1 and DAF-16 directly, through phosphorylation. TORC1 inhibits SKN-1 and DAF-16 expression and activity, at least in part by increasing mRNA translation. TORC2 regulates SKN-1 nuclear occupancy in a nutrient-dependent manner. DAF-16 is required for longevity that derives from inhibiting IIS or TORC1, but not TORC2. SKN-1 plays a contributory role in the effects of IIS on longevity, but is essential for TORC1 or TORC2 inhibition to extend lifespan. When TORC1 is inhibited, SKN-1 increases transcription of TORC1 pathway genes in a feedback loop.