Table III.
Best fitting models for associations of smoking parameters with baseline treadmill stress testing parameters
| Including current smoking (cpd)
|
Including smoking burden (pack-years)
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Standardized β | P | Model | Standardized β | P | |
| Exercise capacity (maximum METs) | Adjusted R2 = 0.46 | Adjusted R2 = 0.45 | ||||
| Exercise maximum HR (beats/min) | 0.470 | <.001 | Exercise maximum HR (beats/min) | 0.462 | <.001 | |
| Male sex | −0.280 | <.001 | Male sex | −0.282 | <.001 | |
| Resting HR (beats/min) | −0.275 | <.001 | Resting HR (beats/min) | −0.270 | <.001 | |
| Age (y) | −0.110 | <.01 | Smoking burden (pack-years) | −0.162 | <.001 | |
| Current smoking (cpd) | −0.115 | <.001 | Exercise maximum diastolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.081 | .02 | |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | −0.109 | <.001 | Use of β-blockers | −0.001 | .969 | |
| Exercise maximum diastolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.082 | .01 | ||||
| Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.074 | .03 | ||||
| Use of β-blockers | 0.025 | .44 | ||||
| Exercise peak RPP (mm Hg × beats/min) | Adjusted R2 = 0.29 | Adjusted R2 = 0.30 | ||||
| Age (y) | −0.400 | <.001 | Age (y) | −0.333 | <.001 | |
| Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.271 | <.001 | Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.280 | <.001 | |
| Use of β-blockers | −0.162 | <.001 | Use of β-blockers | −0.161 | <.001 | |
| Resting HR (beats/min) | 0.139 | <.001 | Resting HR (beats/min) | 0.148 | <.001 | |
| Male sex | −0.118 | <.01 | Male sex | −0.124 | <.001 | |
| Current smoking (cpd) | −0.042 | .25 | Smoking burden (pack-years) | −0.122 | <.01 | |
| Exercise peak HR increase (beats/min) | Adjusted R2 = 0.46 | Adjusted R2 = 0.40 | ||||
| Age (y) | −0.513 | <.001 | Age (y) | −0.454 | <.001 | |
| Exercise maximum systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.301 | <.001 | Smoking burden (pack-years) | −0.172 | <.001 | |
| Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.209 | <.001 | Use of β-blockers | −0.153 | <.001 | |
| Current smoking (cpd) | −0.093 | <.01 | ||||
| Use of β-blockers | −0.099 | <.01 | ||||
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | −0.062 | <.05 | ||||
| Exercise HR reserve (%) | Adjusted R2 = 0.30 | Adjusted R2 = 0.31 | ||||
| Exercise maximum systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.382 | <.001 | Exercise maximum systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.373 | <.001 | |
| Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.266 | <.001 | Resting HR (beats/min) | 0.274 | <.001 | |
| Resting HR (beats/min) | 0.266 | <.001 | Resting systolic BP (mm Hg) | −0.254 | <.001 | |
| Use of β-blockers | −0.201 | <.001 | Use of β-blockers | −0.201 | <.001 | |
| Current smoking (cpd) | −0.090 | <.01 | Smoking burden (pack-years) | −0.165 | <.001 | |
| Male sex | 0.082 | .03 | Male sex | 0.072 | .04 | |
| Age (y) | −0.072 | .05 | Age (y) | 0.013 | .79 | |
Abbreviations as in Table I.
Models initially included age, sex, resting HR, resting systolic BP, resting diastolic BP, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, use of β-blockers, and use of any antihypertensive medication as well as any other variable that was correlated significantly at baseline. Data are from the 368 subjects with baseline and 3-year stress tests.