Table 3.
Risk of fracture in current TZD users compared with nondiabetic patients and with other AD drug users, by type of fracture and sex
| Current TZD users versus nondiabetic patients | Current TZD users versus other AD drug users | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fracture, n | Age-/sex-adj. HR (95 % CI) | Fully adj. HR (95 % CI) | Fracture, n | Age-/sex-adj. HR (95 % CI) | Fully adj. HR (95 % CI) | |
| No TZD use | 66,401 | 21,202 | ||||
| Current TZD use | ||||||
| Any fracture | 213 | 1.24 (1.09–1.42) | 1.29 (1.13–1.49)a | 213 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27)h |
| Foot/ankle | 52 | 1.96 (1.49–2.58) | 1.84 (1.38–2.44)b | 52 | 1.50 (1.14–1.98) | 1.54 (1.17–2.04)i |
| Tibia/fibula | 36 | 2.18 (1.57–3.03) | 2.14 (1.52–3.02)c | 36 | 1.64 (1.17–2.28) | 1.70 (1.22–2.37)i |
| Hand/wrist | 22 | 0.83 (0.55–1.27) | 0.82 (0.54–1.24)d | 22 | 0.76 (0.50–1.16) | 0.79 (0.52–1.20)i |
| Osteoporotic | 116 | 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.28 (1.06–1.54)a | 116 | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29)j |
| Hip | 19 | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 0.89 (0.57–1.39)e | 19 | 0.53 (0.34–0.84) | 0.61 (0.39–0.96)k |
| Femur | 2 | –n | 2 | –n | ||
| Vertebral | 11 | 1.44 (0.80–2.61) | 1.67 (0.92–3.03)f | 11 | 1.00 (0.55–1.81) | 1.12 (0.62–2.04)e |
| Radius/ulna | 43 | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 1.10 (0.81–1.48)d | 43 | 1.23 (0.91–1.67) | 1.27 (0.94–1.73)i |
| Humerus | 28 | 1.64 (1.13–2.38) | 1.60 (1.09–2.36)a | 28 | 1.08 (0.75–1.58) | 1.16 (0.80–1.69)l |
| Pelvis | 3 | –n | 3 | –n | ||
| Ribs | 11 | 1.85 (1.02–3.35) | 1.87 (1.01–3.48)g | 11 | 1.38(0.76–2.52) | 1.47 (0.81–2.68)m |
| By sex | ||||||
| Maleo | 74 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 74 | 0.79 (0.63–1.00) | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) |
| Femalep | 139 | 1.43 (1.21–1.69) | 1.46 (1.23–1.73) | 139 | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | 1.30 (1.10–1.54) |
TZD thiazolidinedione, AD antidiabetic, adj adjusted, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
aAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, bisphosphonates, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and diabetic retinopathy
bAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and diabetic retinopathy
cAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and diabetic retinopathy
dAdjusted for age, gender, use of antidepressants or opioids in the previous 6 months, and history of fracture
eAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, bisphosphonates, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and cerebrovascular disease
fAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, bisphosphonates, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; diabetic retinopathy; and cerebrovascular disease
gAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, bisphosphonates, antidepressants, hypnotics/anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; diabetic retinopathy; and cerebrovascular disease
hAdjusted for age, gender, use of statins or antidepressants in the previous 6 months, history of fracture, and cerebrovascular disease
iAdjusted for age, gender, use of statins in the previous 6 months, and history of fracture
jAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and cerebrovascular disease
kAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, antipsychotics, antidepressants, or opioids in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; cerebrovascular disease; and dementia
lAdjusted for age; gender; use of statins, antipsychotics, or antidepressants in the previous 6 months; history of fracture; and cerebrovascular disease
mAdjusted for age, gender, use of statins or antidepressants in the previous 6 months, and history of fracture
nNumber of cases too low to estimate HR
oMale TZD users versus male nonusers
pFemale TZD users versus female nonusers