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. 2012 Apr 19;2012:471417. doi: 10.1100/2012/471417

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Copyright © 2012 Mohammed Dwidar et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Metabolic pathway of butyrate production in Clostridia [19, 34, 35], 1: EMP pathway, 2: pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, 3: acetyl CoA-acetyl transferase (thiolase), 4: β-hydroxy butyryl CoA dehydrogenase, 5: crotonase, 6: butyryl CoA dehydrogenase, 7: phosphotransbutyrylase, 8: butyrate kinase, 9: butyraldehyde deydrogenase, 10: butanol dehydrogenase, 11: phosphotransacetylase, 12: acetate kinase, 13: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 14: ethanol dehydrogenase, 15: CoA transferase, 16: acetoacetate decarboxylase, 17: ferredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase, 18: hydrogenase, 19: butyryl CoA-acetate transferase (proposed enzyme), 20: lactate dehydrogenase.