Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N=610)
| N | %a | Mean | SD | Minimum | -Maximumb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Sample Strategy | ||||||
| Convenience Sample | 331 | (54.3) | ||||
| Population-Based Sample | 279 | (45.7) | ||||
| Predisposing Variables | ||||||
| Gender Grandchildren | ||||||
| Grandson | 293 | (48.0) | ||||
| Granddaughter | 317 | (52.0) | ||||
| Race Grandmother | ||||||
| Caucasian | 302 | (49.5) | ||||
| African American | 308 | (50.5) | ||||
| Age Grandchildren | 10.8 | (3.1) | 6 | 17 | ||
| Age Grandmother (years) | 57.1 | (7.6) | 32 | 92 | ||
| Enabling Variables | ||||||
| Grandmother’s Education | ||||||
| Less than High School | 106 | (17.4) | ||||
| H.S. Graduate | 167 | (27.4) | ||||
| Some College | 212 | (34.8) | ||||
| College Graduate or higher | 125 | (20.5) | ||||
| Locale | ||||||
| Urban | 515 | (85.0) | ||||
| Rural | 91 | (15.0) | ||||
| Neighborhood Type | ||||||
| No Risk | 533 | (87.4) | ||||
| At Risk | 77 | (12.6) | ||||
| Legal Status of Adoption | ||||||
| Legal Custody | 504 | (82.6) | ||||
| Non Custody | 106 | (17.4) | ||||
| Grandmother’s Marital Status | ||||||
| Married | 292 | (47.9) | ||||
| Not Married | 318 | (52.1) | ||||
| Grandmother’s Physical Health | ||||||
| Poor | 43 | (7.0) | ||||
| Fair | 156 | (25.6) | ||||
| Good | 207 | (33.9) | ||||
| Very Good | 147 | (24.1) | ||||
| Excellent | 57 | (9.3) | ||||
| Grandchild’s Physical Health | ||||||
| Poor | 7 | (1.1) | ||||
| Fair | 36 | (5.9) | ||||
| Good | 115 | (18.9) | ||||
| Very Good | 162 | (26.6) | ||||
| Excellent | 290 | (47.5) | ||||
| Family Income [1 =<10,000 to 10 =>125,000] | 3.9 | (2.1) | 1 | 10 | ||
| Grandmother’s Expressive Support | 26.2 | (3.7) | 10 | 32 | ||
| Grandmother’s Satisfaction Community Services | 21.2 | (3.7) | 7 | 28 | ||
| Need Variables | ||||||
| Grandmother’s Depression | 10.7 | (9.7) | 0 | 48 | ||
| Grandmother’s Feelings of Shame | 9.4 | (2.6) | 5 | 20 | ||
| Grandmother’s Role Captivity | 5.2 | (2.1) | 3 | 12 | ||
| Grandchild’s SDQ Externalizing Difficulties | 7.1 | (4.9) | 0 | 20 | ||
| Grandchild’s SDQ Internalizing Difficulties | 5.2 | (4.1) | 0 | 18 | ||
| Other Grandchildren with Medical/Psychiatric Diagnoses | ||||||
| None | 318 | (52.4) | ||||
| One or more | 289 | (47.6) | ||||
a
Valid percentages.
b
Minimum & Maximum are observed scores.