eTable 1. Health-related behaviors: prevalences in 1973, 1994 and 2004/08.
| Type of health-related behavior | 1973 | 1994 | 2004/08 (weighted) | ||||
| % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | ||
| Physical activity*1 | overall | 27.5 | (25.9–28.9) | 12.9 | (11.5–14.4) | 56.3 | (53.4–59.3) |
| women | 25.0 | (23.1–26.9) | 10.1 | (8.4–11.9) | 58.1 | (53.9–62.2) | |
| men | 30.6 | (28.3–32.9) | 16.3 | (13.9–18.6) | 54.5 | (50.3–58.8) | |
| Daily or almost daily fruit consumption*2 | overall | 11.7 | (10.7–12.8) | 65.1 | (63.1–67.2) | 55.5 | (52.8–58.3) |
| women | 14.5 | (13.0–16.0) | 71.8 | (69.1–74.4) | 65.3 | (61.5–69.1) | |
| men | 8.1 | (6.8–9.5) | 57.2 | (54.0–60.3) | 45.9 | (42.0–49.9) | |
| Daily or almost daily raw vegetable consumption*2 | overall | 7.7 | (6.9–8.6) | 13.5 | (12.0–15.0) | 27.4 | (24.9–29.9) |
| women | 9.0 | (7.7–10.2) | 16.3 | (14.1–18.4) | 33.8 | (30.0–37.5) | |
| men | 6.1 | (4.9–7.3) | 10.2 | (8.3–12.1) | 21.2 | (18.0–24.5) | |
| Daily or almost daily consumption of dairy products*2 | overall | 23.7 | (22.3–25.1) | 22.5 | (20.8–24.3) | 31.7 | (29.1–34.3) |
| women | 23.7 | (21.8–25.5) | 27.7 | (25.2–30.3) | 39.8 | (35.9–43.7) | |
| men | 23.8 | (21.7–25.9) | 16.3 | (14.0–18.6) | 23.7 | (20.3–27.1) | |
| Daily or almost daily meat consumption*2 | overall | 21.4 | (19.7–23.2) | 20.3 | (18.1–22.6) | ||
| women | 17.6 | (15.4–19.8) | 12.0 | (9.4–14.6) | |||
| men | 26.0 | (23.2–28.8) | 28.5 | (24.9–32.0) | |||
| Evening meal as main meal of day*3 | overall | 5.3 | (4.6–6.0) | 19.2 | (17.5–20.8) | 21.6 | (19.2–24.1) |
| women | 3.1 | (2.3–3.8) | 13.6 | (11.6–15.6) | 16.0 | (12.9–19.1) | |
| men | 8.1 | (6.8–9.5) | 25.8 | (23.0–28.6) | 27.3 | (23.5–31.0) | |
| Enough time for meals / for main meal of day*4 | overall | 49.5 | (47.9–51.1) | 42.2 | (40.1–44.2) | 32.9 | (30.2–35.6) |
| women | 51.7 | (49.5–53.9) | 45.8 | (43.0–48.7) | 34.3 | (30.4–38.1) | |
| men | 46.7 | (44.2–49.2) | 37.8 | (34.7–40.8) | 31.6 | (27.8–35.3) | |
| Subjective evaluation of diet as healthful | overall | 92.4 | (91.6–93.3) | 83.4 | (81.9–85.0) | 78.7 | (76.4–81.0) |
| women | 92.7 | (91.6–93.8) | 85.8 | (83.8–87.8) | 82.5 | (79.5–85.6) | |
| men | 92.1 | (90.7–93.4) | 80.6 | (78.1–83.1) | 74.9 | (71.4–78.4) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)*5 | overall | 20.0 | (18.3–21.7) | 24.2 | (21.8–26.6) | ||
| women | 20.4 | (18.1–22.7) | 23.4 | (20.0–26.8) | |||
| men | 19.5 | (17.0–23.0) | 25.0 | (21.6–28.4) | |||
| Smoking | overall | 32.2 | (30.7–33.7) | 32.6 | (30.6–34.7) | 30.7 | (28.1–33.3) |
| women | 9.5 | (8.2–10.8) | 22.2 | (19.8–24.6) | 26.6 | (23.0–30.1) | |
| men | 61.2 | (58.8–63.6) | 45.1 | (41.9–48.3) | 34.6 | (30.8–38.4) | |
| Beginning of smoking before 16th birthday | overall | 17.5 | (15.3–19.8) | 40.3 | (36.6–44.1) | 48.2 | (43.9–53.4) |
| women | 9.6 | (5.4–13.9) | 32.5 | (26.7–38.3) | 42.3 | (34.6–50.1) | |
| men | 19.1 | (16.6–21.6) | 45.0 | (40.2–49.8) | 52.7 | (45.8–59.6) | |
| Heavy smoking (> 20g tobacco/day) | overall | 7.2 | (5.7–8.7) | 9.9 | (7.6–12.2) | 14.8 | (11.1–18.4) |
| women | 1.6 | (0.0–3.4) | 5.0 | (2.3–7.8) | 14.2 | (8.7–19.7) | |
| men | 8.3 | (6.5–10.0) | 12.7 | (9.5–15.9) | 15.2 | (10.3–20.1) | |
| Regular beer drinking*6 | overall | 35.9 | (33.9–38.0) | 35.2 | (32.5–38.0) | ||
| women | 11.0 | (9.1–12.8) | 10.5 | (8.0–13.0) | |||
| men | 65.3 | (62.3–68.3) | 59.6 | (55.6–63.5) | |||
| Regular wine drinking*6 | overall | 12.8 | (11.4–14.3) | 17.5 | (15.4–19.7) | ||
| women | 15.4 | (13.3–17.5) | 21.2 | (18.0–24.5) | |||
| men | 9.7 | (7.8–11.6) | 13.7 | (10.9–16.4) | |||
| Regular drinking of hard liquor*6 | overall | 15.1 | (13.6–16.6) | 10.3 | (8.6–12.0) | ||
| women | 5.3 | (4.0–6.7) | 4.4 | (2.7–6.1) | |||
| men | 26.6 | (23.8–29.4) | 16.0 | (13.0–18.9) | |||
| Number of respondents | overall | 3,603 | 2,155 | 1,246 | |||
| men | 1,575 | 981 | 532 (626) | ||||
| women | 2,028 | 1,174 | 714 (629) | ||||
*1Persons who reported regular exercise or sporting activity; for details, cf. eMethods
*2Answer “Daily” or ”Almost daily” to the question, ”How often do you consume each of the following types of food?” Exception: In 1973, answer ”Fully applicable” to the question ”I generally eat every day... ”
*3Answer ”Evening” to the question, ”When do you usually have your main meal of the day?”
*4Answer ”Fully applicable” to the question ”I take enough time for my main meal of the day”
5 Formula: body weight in kilograms divided by body surface area in square meters
*6Answer ”Daily,” ”Almost daily,” ”More than once a week,” or ”Once a week” to the question, ”How often do you drink each of the following types of beverage?” BMI, body-mass index; CI, confidence interval