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. 2012 May 10;6:22. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00022

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Copyright © 2012 Palmela, Sasaki, Cardoso, Moutinho, Kim, Brites and Brito.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited.

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Early interaction of UCB with the HBMEC monolayer increases the expression of caveolin-1 and triggers the formation of caveolae. HBMEC line was incubated without (control) or with 50 or 100 μM UCB, in the presence of 100 μM HSA, for the indicated incubation periods. Caveolin-1 was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and protein levels were quantified by measurement of fluorescence intensity per number of cells. Results are shown as fold change from respective control (A). Representative immunocytochemistry results of the 4 h incubation point are shown (B). Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed an increased number of caveolae in UCB-treated cells (arrows) (C). Results are means ± SEM from at least three independent experiments performed in duplicate. ^*P < 0.05 vs. respective control.