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Effects of UCB on HBMEC differ between an early and late exposure. HBMEC early response includes increased number of caveolae and levels of caveolin-1 and VEGFR-2, while a delayed response presents alterations in the transendothelial properties of the HBMEC monolayer. This later response includes the disruption of the endothelial junctions, deficient cell-to-cell contacts and consequent detachment of cells, culminating in the passage of free UCB across the HBMEC monolayer.
