TABLE 3.
Type 2 diabetes according to plain-water intake in the 4-y lagged analysis: stratified analyses1
| Plain-water consumption | ||||||
| <1 cup/d | 1 cup/d | 2–3 cups/d | 4–5 cups/d | ≥6 cups/d | P-linear trend | |
| Stratified by BMI | ||||||
| <30 kg/m2 (661 cases) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.82, 1.30) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.24) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.49) | 0.66 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (2057 cases) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.06) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) | 0.21 |
| Stratified by physical activity level | ||||||
| <9 MET-h2/wk (1411 cases) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.05) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | 0.27 |
| ≥9 MET-h/wk (1106 cases) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) | 1.21 (0.97, 1.50) | 1.23 (0.97, 1.55) | 0.10 |
| Stratified by hypertension | ||||||
| Yes (1080 cases) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.27) | 0.72 |
| No (1638 cases) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.35) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 0.33 |
| Stratified by high cholesterol | ||||||
| Yes (1247 cases) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | 1.21 (0.97, 1.51) | 0.07 |
| No (1471 cases) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.29) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.78 |
All values are RRs; 95% CIs in parentheses. Models were adjusted for age, race, family history of diabetes, BMI (in kg/m2) categories (<23.0, 23.0–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥35.0, but a continuous variable in the stratified analysis by BMI), smoking status (never, past, or current (1–14, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes/d)], alcohol intake (never or <5.0, 5.0–15.0, or ≥15.0 g/d), menopausal status and hormone use, oral contraceptive use, physical activity level (<3.0, 3.0–8.9, 9.0–17.9, 18.0–26.9, or ≥27.0 metabolic equivalent task hours per week, but a continuous variable in the stratified analysis by physical activity level), and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (quintiles). None of the interaction tests were significant (all P-interaction > 0.10). P-linear trend was calculated by treating plain-water intake as a continuous variable.
Thirty-five women were excluded from the analysis because of missing values for physical activity level. MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours.