Figure 3. FOXA1 expression is lost in most in high grade, advanced stage muscle-invasive bladder cancers.

AJCC stage Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4 bladder tumors were immunostained for FOXA1 and FOXA2. Representative cases are illustrated in top panels. Tis area is depicted in a patient diagnosed with AJCC T1 stage bladder tumor. Association between loss of FOXA1 expression and increasing stage was confirmed by logistic regression (bottom panel, p<0.001). A small subset of invasive tumors exhibited nuclear expression of FOXA2.