TABLE 3.
Median intake within quantile, U/1000 kcal | NHL (n = 2155) |
DLBCL (n = 509) |
Follicular (n = 368) |
CLL/SLL (n = 586) |
||||||||
Cases | HR2 | 95% CI | Cases | HR2 | 95% CI | Cases | HR2 | 95% CI | Cases | HR2 | 95% CI | |
n | n | n | n | |||||||||
Steak and hamburgers, rare, g | ||||||||||||
0 | 1946 | 1.00 | 463 | 1.00 | 330 | 1.00 | 529 | 1.00 | ||||
5.4 | 209 | 1.03 | 0.89, 1.20 | 46 | 0.93 | 0.68, 1.27 | 38 | 1.17 | 0.82, 1.66 | 57 | 1.01 | 0.79, 1.35 |
Chicken, just done, g | ||||||||||||
0 | 1478 | 1.00 | 339 | 1.00 | 245 | 1.00 | 405 | 1.00 | ||||
4.9 | 677 | 1.03 | 0.91, 1.15 | 170 | 1.06 | 0.84, 1.35 | 123 | 1.42 | 1.09, 1.85 | 181 | 0.93 | 0.74, 1.16 |
Steak and hamburgers, well to very well done, g | ||||||||||||
0.06 | 769 | 1.00 | 186 | 1.00 | 119 | 1.00 | 224 | 1.00 | ||||
1.6 | 671 | 0.87 | 0.78, 0.96 | 153 | 0.86 | 0.69, 1.07 | 115 | 0.95 | 0.73, 1.23 | 177 | 0.77 | 0.63, 0.95 |
8.1 | 715 | 0.90 | 0.80, 1.01 | 170 | 0.94 | 0.74, 1.20 | 134 | 1.08 | 0.81, 1.44 | 185 | 0.78 | 0.62, 0.98 |
P-trend | 0.31 | 0.97 | 0.39 | 0.12 | ||||||||
Chicken, well to very well done, g | ||||||||||||
0 | 797 | 1.00 | 199 | 1.00 | 139 | 1.00 | 220 | 1.00 | ||||
1.6 | 632 | 1.11 | 0.91, 1.35 | 134 | 1.00 | 0.67, 1.50 | 112 | 1.46 | 0.86, 2.48 | 166 | 0.87 | 0.61, 1.23 |
8.9 | 726 | 1.16 | 0.95, 1.41 | 176 | 1.16 | 0.77, 1.73 | 117 | 1.44 | 0.85, 2.46 | 200 | 0.97 | 0.68, 1.37 |
P-trend | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.65 | 0.47 | ||||||||
PhIP, ng | ||||||||||||
2.1 | 471 | 1.00 | 100 | 1.00 | 78 | 1.00 | 136 | 1.00 | ||||
10.9 | 424 | 0.90 | 0.79, 1.03 | 95 | 0.97 | 0.73, 1.29 | 80 | 1.01 | 0.74, 1.38 | 114 | 0.83 | 0.64, 1.06 |
24.7 | 432 | 0.93 | 0.81, 1.06 | 106 | 1.11 | 0.84, 1.46 | 71 | 0.90 | 0.65, 1.25 | 122 | 0.90 | 0.70, 1.15 |
49.4 | 389 | 0.85 | 0.74, 0.98 | 101 | 1.07 | 0.81, 1.42 | 62 | 0.80 | 0.57, 1.12 | 100 | 0.75 | 0.58, 0.98 |
123.6 | 439 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.12 | 107 | 1.14 | 0.87, 1.51 | 77 | 0.99 | 0.72, 1.36 | 114 | 0.90 | 0.69, 1.14 |
P-trend | 0.71 | 0.29 | 0.85 | 0.72 | ||||||||
MeIQx, ng | ||||||||||||
0.5 | 453 | 1.00 | 119 | 1.00 | 75 | 1.00 | 128 | 1.00 | ||||
2.4 | 450 | 1.00 | 0.87, 1.13 | 95 | 0.81 | 0.62, 1.07 | 71 | 0.94 | 0.68, 1.30 | 134 | 1.03 | 0.81, 1.32 |
5.3 | 415 | 0.92 | 0.80, 1.05 | 97 | 0.84 | 0.64, 1.10 | 73 | 0.96 | 0.69, 1.32 | 117 | 0.90 | 0.70, 1.16 |
10.3 | 435 | 0.97 | 0.85, 1.11 | 90 | 0.79 | 0.59, 1.04 | 70 | 0.91 | 0.65, 1.27 | 116 | 0.90 | 0.70, 1.17 |
24.4 | 402 | 0.90 | 0.78, 1.04 | 108 | 0.95 | 0.72, 1.24 | 79 | 1.01 | 0.73, 1.40 | 91 | 0.73 | 0.55, 0.96 |
P-trend | 0.12 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.01 | ||||||||
DiMeIQx, ng | ||||||||||||
0 | 789 | 1.00 | 190 | 1.00 | 132 | 1.00 | 230 | 1.00 | ||||
0.04 | 93 | 1.05 | 0.85, 1.31 | 24 | 1.16 | 0.76, 1.78 | 12 | 0.84 | 0.47, 1.53 | 23 | 0.85 | 0.55, 1.30 |
0.19 | 428 | 0.96 | 0.85, 1.08 | 94 | 0.88 | 0.69, 1.13 | 72 | 0.97 | 0.73, 1.30 | 113 | 0.86 | 0.69, 1.08 |
0.58 | 408 | 0.93 | 0.82, 1.04 | 87 | 0.83 | 0.64, 1.07 | 71 | 0.95 | 0.71, 1.27 | 124 | 0.96 | 0.77, 1.20 |
1.7 | 437 | 1.01 | 0.90, 1.14 | 114 | 1.10 | 0.87, 1.39 | 81 | 1.08 | 0.82, 1.43 | 96 | 0.77 | 0.61, 0.98 |
P-trend | 0.98 | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.07 | ||||||||
BaP, ng | ||||||||||||
0.2 | 435 | 1.00 | 90 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 | 121 | 1.00 | ||||
1.5 | 435 | 1.00 | 0.88, 1.15 | 121 | 1.36 | 1.03, 1.78 | 70 | 0.90 | 0.65, 1.24 | 114 | 0.95 | 0.73, 1.22 |
6.2 | 429 | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.13 | 102 | 1.14 | 0.85, 1.51 | 71 | 0.90 | 0.65, 1.25 | 111 | 0.91 | 0.71, 1.18 |
16.8 | 424 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.13 | 91 | 1.04 | 0.77, 1.39 | 80 | 1.02 | 0.75, 1.41 | 115 | 0.96 | 0.74, 1.24 |
44.0 | 432 | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.19 | 105 | 1.25 | 0.94, 1.66 | 70 | 0.91 | 0.66, 1.27 | 125 | 1.09 | 0.85, 1.41 |
P-trend | 0.42 | 0.74 | 0.86 | 0.20 | ||||||||
Heme iron, μg | ||||||||||||
48.1 | 446 | 1.00 | 107 | 1.00 | 70 | 1.00 | 124 | 1.00 | ||||
100.9 | 442 | 0.97 | 0.85, 1.11 | 102 | 0.96 | 0.73, 1.26 | 69 | 0.96 | 0.68, 1.34 | 129 | 1.01 | 0.79, 1.30 |
151.3 | 438 | 0.96 | 0.84, 1.10 | 108 | 1.02 | 0.77, 1.34 | 82 | 1.13 | 0.81, 1.56 | 106 | 0.84 | 0.64, 1.09 |
212.7 | 414 | 0.92 | 0.80, 1.06 | 94 | 0.90 | 0.68, 1.20 | 68 | 0.93 | 0.66, 1.32 | 117 | 0.94 | 0.72, 1.22 |
336.0 | 415 | 0.96 | 0.83, 1.10 | 98 | 0.98 | 0.68, 1.20 | 79 | 1.10 | 0.78, 1.55 | 110 | 0.93 | 0.71, 1.23 |
P-trend | 0.37 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.54 | ||||||||
Nitrate + nitrite from processed meat sources, mg | ||||||||||||
0.04 | 398 | 1.00 | 110 | 1.00 | 67 | 1.00 | 94 | 1.00 | ||||
0.10 | 442 | 1.07 | 0.94, 1.23 | 95 | 0.86 | 0.65, 1.13 | 87 | 1.26 | 0.91, 1.74 | 124 | 1.25 | 0.95, 1.63 |
0.18 | 445 | 1.06 | 0.92, 1.22 | 97 | 0.87 | 0.66, 1.16 | 65 | 0.93 | 0.66, 1.32 | 140 | 1.36 | 1.04, 1.78 |
0.27 | 425 | 0.99 | 0.85, 1.14 | 102 | 0.91 | 0.68, 1.21 | 81 | 1.15 | 0.82, 1.61 | 110 | 1.02 | 0.77, 1.36 |
0.47 | 445 | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.18 | 105 | 0.93 | 0.70, 1.24 | 68 | 0.96 | 0.67, 1.37 | 118 | 1.08 | 0.81, 1.44 |
P-trend | 0.68 | 0.95 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
BaP, benzo(a)pyrene; CLL/SLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; DiMeIQx, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; DLBCL; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; MeIQx, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine.
Cox proportional hazards regression multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, education, family history of any cancer, race, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and intake of alcohol, fruit, vegetables, and total energy; meat types cooked to different levels of doneness were mutually adjusted for other cooked and uncooked meat intake.