TABLE 3.
Associations of ECW, TBW, and percentage change in plasma volume with early pregnancy maternal nutritional status1
| ECW, kg |
TBW, kg |
Plasma volume, % Δ |
|||||||
| β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | β | 95% CI | P value | |
| ~10, ~20, and ~32 wk of gestation (n = 369)2 | |||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.27 | (0.25, 0.29) | <0.001 | 0.66 | (0.62, 0.70) | <0.001 | |||
| Height, cm | 0.11 | (0.10, 0.12) | <0.001 | 0.25 | (0.23, 0.27) | <0.001 | |||
| Δ from ~10 to ~20 wk of gestation (n = 375)3 | |||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | −0.06 | (−0.08, −0.04) | <0.001 | −0.14 | (−0.18, −0.10) | <0.001 | 0.29 | (−0.37, 0.96) | 0.39 |
| Height, cm | 0.00 | (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.74 | 0.00 | (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.73 | −0.13 | (−0.42, 0.15) | 0.36 |
| Δ from ~20 to ~32 wk of gestation (n = 371)3 | |||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | −0.00 | (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.83 | −0.01 | (−0.07, 0.04) | 0.62 | 0.58 | (0.03, 1.14) | 0.040 |
| Weight Δ from 10–20 wk, kg | −0.04 | (−0.07, −0.01) | 0.009 | −0.08 | (−0.14, −0.02) | 0.009 | −0.11 | (−0.72, 0.51) | 0.73 |
| Height, cm | 0.01 | (−0.00, 0.02) | 0.15 | 0.02 | (−0.00, 0.04) | 0.07 | 0.14 | (−0.08, 0.35) | 0.20 |
1
ECW, extracellular water; TBW, total body water.
2
Outcomes at 3 visits (~10, ~20, and ~32 wk) regressed on maternal anthropometry at ~10 wk (fixed effect) with intercept for each participant (random effect) and random slope by gestational age with unstructured variance-covariance structure; adjusted for age (y), parity (0 vs. ≥1), infant sex, maternal education (y), living standard scale, and gestational age at assessment (wk).
3
Change between visits regressed on maternal anthropometry at ~10 wk with linear regression; adjusted for those in 2 plus days between measurements instead of gestational age.