Table 1.
Participant demographics, pertinent lifestyle and medical history characteristicsa
| Lowest phosphorus intake tertile, 532 ± 161 (mg/day) | Middle phosphorus intake tertile, 912 ± 166 (mg/day) | Highest phosphorus intake tertile, 1478 ± 378 (mg/day) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 70.8 ± 12.3 | 70.4 ± 12.4 | 67.4 ± 13.0 | 0.02 |
| Women (%) | 68 (63–73) | 57 (49–64) | 65 (57–73) | 0.07 |
| African-American (%) | 12 (10–16) | 6 (5–9) | 4 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 18 (13–25) | 14 (9–21) | 15 (11–19) | 0.41 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 14 (9–19) | 12 (8–19) | 12 (8–16) | 0.86 |
| Stroke (%) | 11 (7–16) | 8 (6–12) | 9 (6–13) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes (%) | 18 (14–23) | 21 (16–27) | 22 (18–28) | 0.51 |
| History of malignancy (%) | 11 (7–17) | 9 (6–14) | 12 (8–16) | 0.73 |
| Current smoker (%) | 14 (10–20) | 11 (7–16) | 14 (10–20) | 0.59 |
| Current alcohol user (%) | 20 (14–26) | 32 (24–40) | 35 (26–45) | 0.02 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 143.2 ± 23.5 | 141.6 ± 18.6 | 138.8 ± 20.7 | 0.04 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.6 ± 13.5 | 75.0 ± 11.3 | 74.7 ± 10.5 | 0.72 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 47.5 ± 12.0 | 49.9 ± 8.7 | 50.0 ± 8.1 | 0.01 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 0.11 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 0.09 |
| Calcium–phosphorus product (mg2/dL2) | 32.8 ± 6.2 | 32.1 ± 5.1 | 33.4 ± 5.0 | 0.07 |
a
Percentages shown as percent (95% CI); continuous measures shown as mean ± SD. BP, blood pressure.