Fig. 7.

CCL2 enhances P2X4R-mediated Akt phosphorylation in microglial cells. Primary cultured microglia were treated with or without CCL2 (100 ng/mL) for 30 min. Western blot analysis of the levels of phosphorylated and total Akt protein in whole-cell lysate of CCL2-treated microglia 10 min after ATP (5 μM) stimulation. Cells were pretreated with TNP-ATP (100 μM) 5 min before ATP stimulation. A histogram of the relative band density ratio of Akt phosphorylation normalized to the levels of β-actin. The experiments were repeated five times, and the data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001