Table 1.

Structural properties necessary to calculate the PCSA for the thyrohyoid and long pharyngeal muscles (n = 12; 6 males, 6 females)

	Mass (g)	Pennation angles	Fiber length (mm)	Sarcomere lengths (lm)	PCSA (cm2)
Thyrohyoid	1.56 ± 0.49	3.78 ± 1.47	30.68 ± 6.56	2.90 ± 0.24	0.51 ± 0.18
Stylopharyngeus (pharyngeal insertion)	0.54 ± 0.26	3.92 ± 1.57	40.52 ± 7.69	2.76 ± 0.40	0.12 ± 0.06
Stylopharyngeus (thyroid insertion)	1.35 ± 0.53	2.89 ± 1.20	63.98 ± 15.58	2.62 ± 0.48	0.19 ± 0.07
Palatopharyngeus/salpingopharyngeus	4.01 ± 0.75	3.53 ± 1.27	87.31 ± 21.39	2.80 ± 0.36	0.48 ± 0.17
Posterior mylohyoida	2.17 ± 0.56	2.39 ± 0.85	47.50 ± 3.92	2.95 ± 0.43	0.43 ± 0.12
Anterior mylohyoida	3.03 ± 0.47	6.99 ± 4.49	32.87 ± 4.26	2.75 ± 0.34	0.82 ± 0.18
Posterior digastrica	2.53 ± 0.65	7.10 ± 3.71	30.27 ± 4.28	2.43 ± 0.51	0.64 ± 0.16
Anterior digastrica	2.37 ± 0.46	9.29 ± 3.40	33.30 ± 4.50	2.43 ± 0.30	0.55 ± 0.12
Stylohyoida	1.39 ± 0.46	5.02 ± 1.83	46.93 ± 7.11	2.80 ± 0.35	0.27 ± 0.09
Geniohyoida	2.21 ± 0.59	7.30 ± 1.58	35.32 ± 3.69	2.31 ± 0.55	0.46 ± 0.16

Data are given as mean ± SD

^aPreviously published data