Table 1.
Locations of Botryllus schlosseri sampling and genetic diversity indices for COI and microsatellite markers. N, sample size; Nh, number of haplotypes; h, haplotype diversity; π, nucleotide diversity; NA, number of alleles; NAP, number of private alleles; A, allelic richness (with rarefaction to 10 individuals); HE, mean gene diversity. For allelic richness and gene diversity calculations, only populations with N > 10 individuals were considered.
| location | ID | COI |
microsatellite |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Nh | haplotype codes | h | π | N | NA | NAP | A | HE | ||
| clade A | |||||||||||
| southern Europe | 191 | 15 | 0.511 | 0.011 | 200 | 125 | 19 | 5.2 | 0.636 | ||
| Venice, Italy | VEN | 28 | 8 | HA; HB; HO; Bs22; Bs23; Bs24; Bs25; Bs26 | 0.730 | 0.015 | 28 | 70 | 7 | 5.3 | 0.652 |
| Naples, Italy | NAP | 7 | 1 | HA | 0 | 0 | 7 | 29 | 0 | — | — |
| Estaque, France | ETQ | 11 | 2 | HA; HB | 0.509 | 0.012 | 15 | 52 | 2 | 4.9 | 0.604 |
| Palavas, France | PAL | 19 | 4 | HA; HB; Bs28; Bs30 | 0.626 | 0.014 | 19 | 59 | 2 | 5.1 | 0.599 |
| Sete, Francea | SET | 2 | 2 | HA; HB | 1.000 | 0.023 | 2 | 22 | 0 | — | — |
| Canet-en-Roussillon, France | CER | 36 | 4 | HA; HB; Bs27; Bs29 | 0.602 | 0.013 | 34 | 81 | 4 | 5.7 | 0.674 |
| Blanes, Spain | BLA | 24 | 3 | HA; HB; Bs3 | 0.540 | 0.012 | 24 | 64 | 2 | 5.3 | 0.674 |
| Arenys de Mar, Spaina | ADM | 36 | 2 | HA; HB | 0.157 | 0.004 | 38 | 67 | 2 | 5.0 | 0.609 |
| Alicante, Spain | ALI | 28 | 5 | HA; HB; Bs3; Bs5; Bs9 | 0.434 | 0.007 | 33 | 57 | 0 | 4.8 | 0.641 |
| northern Europe | 48 | 4 | 0.165 | 0.004 | 39 | 54 | 0 | 3.0 | 0.520 | ||
| Brest, Francea | BRE | 3 | 1 | HD | 0 | 0 | 3 | 22 | 0 | — | — |
| Port Pendennis, Englanda | PEN | 1 | 1 | HB | — | — | 1 | 9 | 0 | — | — |
| Falmouth, Englanda | FAL | 18 | 3 | HA; HB; HD | 0.660 | 0.014 | 18 | 39 | 0 | 3.6 | 0.506 |
| Brixham, Englanda | BRI | 7 | 1 | HD | 0 | 0 | 7 | 38 | 0 | — | — |
| Helgoland, Germany | HEL | 19 | 1 | Bs2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 23 | 0 | 2.3 | 0.533 |
| eastern North America | 55 | 6 | 0.254 | 0.008 | 58 | 53 | 2 | 3.2 | 0.503 | ||
| Louisbourg, NS, Canada | LSB | 2 | 1 | Bs2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 0 | — | — |
| St. Peter, NS, Canada | STP | 5 | 1 | Bs2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 26 | 0 | — | — |
| Ingomar, NS, Canada | IGM | 8 | 2 | HO; Bs2 | 0.429 | 0.015 | 8 | 31 | 0 | — | — |
| Port La Tour, NS, Canada | PLT | 11 | 6 | HA; HO; Bs2; Bs4; Bs6; Bs7 | 0.836 | 0.027 | 12 | 34 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.526 |
| Digby, NS, Canada | DGB | 6 | 1 | Bs2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 30 | 0 | — | — |
| Salem, MA, USA | SAL | 10 | 2 | HO; Bs2 | 0.356 | 0.012 | 11 | 26 | 0 | 2.6 | 0.429 |
| Woods Hole, MA, USA | WDH | 13 | 2 | HO; Bs2 | 0.154 | 0.005 | 14 | 38 | 2 | 3.7 | 0.555 |
| western North America | 100 | 5 | 0.323 | 0.008 | 100 | 68 | 5 | 3.3 | 0.560 | ||
| Deep Bay, BC, Canada | DPB | 9 | 1 | Bs1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 20 | 0 | — | — |
| French Creek, BC, Canada | FRC | 23 | 1 | Bs1 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 34 | 1 | 2.9 | 0.540 |
| Ladysmith, BC, Canada | LSM | 15 | 2 | Bs1; Bs2 | 0.133 | 0.002 | 14 | 29 | 0 | 2.8 | 0.577 |
| Brinnon, WA, USA | BRN | 11 | 2 | Bs1; Bs8 | 0.436 | 0.007 | 11 | 35 | 0 | 3.5 | 0.554 |
| Sequim, WA, USA | SQM | 6 | 2 | Bs1; Bs10 | 0.600 | 0.017 | 5 | 29 | 2 | — | — |
| Bodega Bay, CA, USA | BBY | 36 | 4 | Bs1; Bs8; Bs10; Bs36 | 0.767 | 0.019 | 36 | 48 | 2 | 3.8 | 0.570 |
| clade D | |||||||||||
| northern Europe | |||||||||||
| Roscoff, France | RCF | 35 | 1 | Bs31 | 0 | 0 | 36 | — | — | — | — |
| clade E | |||||||||||
| southern Europe | 5 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| Sete, Francea | SET | 4 | 2 | Bs11, Bs12 | 0.667 | 0.023 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| Arenys de Mar, Spaina | ADM | 1 | 1 | Bs21 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| northern Europe | 128 | 9 | 0.605 | 0.005 | 118 | ||||||
| Brest, Francea | BRE | 34 | 4 | HH; Bs12; Bs18; Bs33 | 0.733 | 0.003 | 34 | — | — | — | — |
| Port Pendennis, Englanda | PEN | 17 | 2 | Bs18; Bs34 | 0.221 | 0.003 | 19 | — | — | — | — |
| Falmouth, Englanda | FAL | 25 | 2 | Bs18; Bs34 | 0.220 | 0.003 | 23 | — | — | — | — |
| Plymouth, England | PLY | 34 | 6 | Bs12; Bs18; Bs19; Bs20; Bs32; Bs34 | 0.763 | 0.007 | 25 | — | — | — | — |
| Brixham, Englanda | BRI | 14 | 5 | HH; Bs18; Bs32; Bs34; Bs35 | 0.857 | 0.007 | 14 | — | — | — | — |
| Torquay, England | TOR | 4 | 3 | HH; Bs18; Bs34 | 0.833 | 0.006 | 3 | — | — | — | — |
aLocations where different clades co-occur.