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Average wingtip trajectory in body-referenced coordinate system, normalized by the wing chord cV, in front, side and top views (note reverse ordinate for y–x plane). Star indicates body marker position. (a–c) Trajectories at speed below 5.5 m s−1 (‘speed 1’, green) compared with the averaged trajectories of speeds above 5.5 m s−1, grey; (d–f) trajectories for speeds between 5.5 and 7 m s−1 (‘speed 2’, blue), 7 and 8.5 m s−1 (‘speed 3’, red) and above 8.5 m s−1 (‘speed 4’, orange).
