Table 1.
Effect | Scenario | Size | A × E parameter β1 | A × C parameter γ1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
True | Mean | SD | % Bias | True | Mean | SD | % Bias | |||
A × C | I | Small | – | – | – | – | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.15 | −15.11 |
Medium | – | – | – | – | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.17 | −14.20 | ||
Large | – | – | – | – | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.15 | −18.19 | ||
II | Small | – | – | – | – | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.08 | −26.11 | |
Medium | – | – | – | – | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.08 | −26.41 | ||
Large | – | – | – | – | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.08 | −26.80 | ||
III | Small | – | – | – | – | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.07 | −26.83 | |
Medium | – | – | – | – | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.07 | −27.76 | ||
Large | – | – | – | – | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.07 | −28.49 | ||
A × E | I | Small | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 11.67 | – | – | – | – |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 13.97 | – | – | – | – | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 13.36 | – | – | – | – | ||
II | Small | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 10.08 | – | – | – | – | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 13.24 | – | – | – | – | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.10 | 12.82 | – | – | – | – | ||
III | Small | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 3.50 | – | – | – | – | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 6.54 | – | – | – | – | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 7.93 | – | – | – | – | ||
Opp. | I | Small | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 35.51 | −0.20 | −0.24 | 0.15 | 22.01 |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 31.54 | −0.25 | −0.29 | 0.13 | 14.17 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 31.46 | −0.30 | −0.33 | 0.13 | 8.36 | ||
II | Small | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 36.29 | −0.15 | −0.16 | 0.09 | 6.81 | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 34.33 | −0.20 | −0.20 | 0.08 | 1.48 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.11 | 34.54 | −0.25 | −0.24 | 0.08 | −2.42 | ||
III | Small | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 21.95 | −0.15 | −0.14 | 0.09 | −9.26 | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 24.79 | −0.20 | −0.18 | 0.08 | −10.25 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 26.28 | −0.25 | −0.22 | 0.08 | −11.67 | ||
Same | I | Small | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 26.19 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.19 | −65.05 |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 26.82 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.19 | −59.16 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 21.92 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.20 | −54.17 | ||
II | Small | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 22.20 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.11 | −55.94 | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.13 | 22.82 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.11 | −50.30 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.13 | 18.00 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.11 | −47.06 | ||
III | Small | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 1.85 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.11 | −36.17 | |
Medium | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 5.25 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.11 | −35.13 | ||
Large | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 3.89 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.11 | −37.51 |
Same dir. Both an A × E and an A × C interaction are in the data in the same direction, opp. dir. they are in opposite direction