FIGURE 7.

Phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins are up-regulated in NUAK1-deficient muscle. Immunoblot analysis of phosphorylation of IRS1 at Tyr-608 (black arrowhead) and AKT at Thr-308 in soleus muscle of HFD-fed control and MNUAK1KO mice. A white arrowhead denotes a nonspecific band. Graphs show the intensities of phospho-protein bands normalized to total protein levels in each case. The data are expressed relative to those from control mice. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 (Student's t test). A, mice under fed conditions. The data are the means ± S.E. (n = 3). B, mice were fasted overnight and administered water or glucose (1 g/kg of body weight). Soleus was excised 40 min after the administration. The data are the means ± S.E. (n = 6). C, mice were fasted overnight and intraperitoneally injected with PBS or insulin (1.5 units/kg of body weight). Soleus was excised 20 min after the injection. The data are the means ± S.E. (n = 3). Cont, control; MNKO, MNUAK1KO.