Table 3.

DDR functions reported in cultured cells

	DDR1		DDR2
	Promoting	Suppressing	Promoting	Suppressing
Survival and Chemoresistance	Non-malignant cells: MDCK cells [56] Malignant cells: Human prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145, LNCaP) [110], human breast cancer cells (MCF7 [63], T47D [64]), human colon cancer cells (HCT116) [63,52]		NR	NR
Proliferation and colony forming ability	Non-malignant cells: Murine vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells [30], primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) [131], T cells [132] Malignant cells: Human glioma cells (U251, GI-1, T98G) [101], HCT116 (in vitro colony forming assay) [52]	Non-malignant cells: Primary murine mesangial cells [126], murine VSM cells [135]	Non-malignant cells: Rat hepatic stellate (HS) cells [79], murine skin fibroblasts [128,118], rat VSM cells [133], murine chondrocytes [118], Slug-MDCK cells [69], NIH-3T3 fibroblasts can be oncogenically transformed by DDR2 L63V and I638F mutations [87] Malignant cells: Human melanoma cells (A375), hepatoma cells (SK-HEP), colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) [134], human lung squamous cell carcinoma (H2286, HCC366) [87]	Non-malignant cells: Murine HS cells after chronic liver injury [129], 3T3-L1 preadipocytes [140] Malignant cells: Fibrillar collagen induced proliferation in human melanoma cells (M24met, A2058), human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) [136]
Differentiation	Non-malignant cells: Murine granule neuron axon formation [137], osteogenic potential in human mesenchymal stem cells [85], epithelial differentiation in porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) and murine mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) [59], murine myoblast (C2C12) differentiation/formation of myofibers [65].	Non-malignant cells: Maintenance of undifferentiated state in murine embryonic stem cells[66].	Non-malignant cells: Differentiation in murine osteoblasts [62,61], and chondrocytes [61].	Non-malignant cells: Differentiation of murine pre-adipocytes to functional adipocytes [140].
EMT	Malignant cells: Collagen I-induced cell spreading in human pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC3) [48], TGFβ/Collagen I-induced EMT in human lung carcinoma cells (A549) [144]	Non-malignant cells: DDR1 expression suppresses mesenchymal genes in LLC-PK1 and NMuMG [59].	Non-malignant cells: TGFβ/Collagen I-induced EMT in renal proximal tubule cells (HK-2) [144]. Malignant cells: TGFβ/Collagen I-induced EMT in A549 [144].
Cell-Cell contact	Non-malignant cells: MDCK [53,57], LLC-PK1, NMuMG [59]. Malignant cells: Human oral squamous carcinoma cells (A431, SCC12) [54].		NR	NR
Adhesion	Non-malignant cells: Murine VSM cells [30,147], human mammary epithelial cells (HB2)[38,39], human monocytic cells (THP-1)[148], primary murine mesangial cells[126], primary human melanocytes [149], murine macrophages [150]. Malignant cells: Human pituitary adenoma cells (HP-75) [102], human glioma cells (G140) [100], human hepatoma cells (Huh7) [151].		NR	NR
Spreading		Non-malignant cells: NIH3T3 fibroblasts [47], human mesenchymal stem cells [85], MDCK [57,58]. Malignant cells: MCF7 [47].	NR	NR
Migration	Non-malignant cells: Murine VSM cells ([30], [147,41]), THP-1 cells [148], human T cells [156,67], NIH3T3 fibroblasts, mouse embryonic fibroblasts [47], murine macrophages [157], HBECs and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) [131]. Malignant cells: G140 cells [100], human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HLE, Huh 7) [158], human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549, H538) [89], human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) [159] (T47D, MDA-MB-468) [96], (MCF7) [47].	Non-malignant cells: HB2 cells [38], MDCK [56,45], LLC-PK1 [59], murine VSM cells [135]. Malignant cells: Huh7 cells [151], MCF7 (when DARPP32 is expressed), MDA-MB-231 (when DDR1 and DARPP32 are expressed) [49].	Non-malignant cells: Murine skin fibroblasts [128], rat VSM cells [76,133,77]. Malignant cells: A375, SK-Hep and HT-29 cells [134].	Non-malignant cells: Murine HS cells and macrophages from chronically injured liver [129].
Invasion	Non-malignant cells: Murine macrophages [150]. Malignant cells: HP-75 cells [102], A431 and SCC12 cells [54], G140 cells [100], U251, GI-1 and T98G cells [101], HLE and Huh 7 cells [158], human hepatoma cells (HEPG2, SNU-182) [75] PC3, DU145 and LNCaP [110], A549 and H538 cells [89], MDA-MB-231 cells [161].		Non-malignant cells: Rat HS cells [79].
Collagen remodeling	Non-malignant cells: Organization of naïve collagen I matrix by human mesenchymal stem cells [85].	Non-malignant cells: Soluble DDR1 extracellular domains suppress collagen I fibrillogenesis [84].	Non-malignant cells: Human VSM cells (collagen I degradation) [182], murine skin fibroblasts (collagen I deposition) [128,55].	Non-malignant cells: Soluble DDR2 extracellular domains suppress collagen I fibrillogenesis [84,173,183].
MMP expression	Non-malignant cells: Murine VSM cells (MMP2, 9) ([30] [147]), human VSM cells (MMP1) [182], LDLR−/− murine macrophages (MMP2, 9, 14) [180], HBECs and BEAS-2B cells (MMP7) [131]. Malignant cells: HP-75 cells (MMP2, 9) [102], G140 cells (MMP2) [100], HLE and Huh 7 cells (MMP2, 9) [158], PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cells (MMP9) [110], H538 cells (MMP9) [89], MDA-MB-231 cells (MMP-2, 9) [161].		Non-malignant cells: Rat HS cells (MMP2) [79], murine skin fibroblasts (MMP2 secretion) [128,55], rat VSM cells (MMP2) [133,77], human VSM cells (MMP1, MMP2)[182], osteoarthritic chondrocytes in collagen XI−/− mice (MMP13) [184], murine chondrocyte cell line C-28/I2 (MMP13) [185], human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (MMP1) [186], (MMP13) [187]), NIH-3T3 cells (MMP-1) [186], murine synoviocytes and 293T cells (MMP13) [187], primary goat articular chondrocytes (MMP13) [60]. Malignant cells: A375 cells (MMP2, 9) [134].
Tumor growth and Metastasis	Malignant cells: HCT116 (xenografts) [52], human lung large cell carcinoma (H460) metastasis to bone [90].		Malignant cells: A375 metastasis to liver [134].	Malignant cells: Increased metastasis to liver of DDR2 knockout mice [130].

NR: Not reported